The relevance of energy storages for an autarky of electricity supply ...

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1.4 Basic assumptions and main literature Several basic assumptions are underlying the feasibility study „Energy Autarky for Austria 2050“ and therefore are also the basis for this Master Thesis. The most important in regards of RES-E supply 2050 are summerised below: • Austria will have to store electricity seasonally for other EU-countries in the future, and will only be able to source out storage to foreign countries on a temporary basis. In this paper it is assumed that Austria only has to store electricity for its own purpose and does not have to provide further storage capacities for foreign storage demand. (Streicher, 2010) • The assessment of storage demand underlies a systemic view. Therefore, economic externalities like fluctuating market prices due to changes in demand are not included into the analysis. • It is assumed that demand curves can be 20 % better adjusted to the supply curves with more widespread installed Smart-Grids. • Energy exchange with neighbouring EU-countries is accepted on a daily and weekly basis. Given that the yearly average of import and export is zero. • Only idle agricultural excess area is considered usable for renewable energy. It is assumed that the area necessary for food production remains constant. This assumption could be unrealistic if population grows or cultivation changes. • It is assumed that technologies like smart metering and smart grids will reduce transmission losses and net instabilities. Losses due to distribution and storage, which on an average represent 10% of total losses, are already included. (Taking into consideration that roof-mounted PV plants will have lower losses than windparks with longer distribution). 5
• This Thesis is a theoretic analysis, assuming that the plants are storing the electricity from summer to winter months, excluding economic effects; therefore, the assessment of the current capacity of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Plants in Austria is based on the energy content of the storage basins. • The comparison and assessment of the storage technologies does not include costs, as there would be too much room for interpretation until the year 2050. Main sources Citations and calculations of current electricity demand are based on data provided by e-control Data for electrcity demand and energy mix on the supply side for 2050 are used from the feasibility study Energie Autarkie 2050. Radiation data for the calculation of electricity from PV are taken from PV-GIS 1 . All other sources are quoted below the citation. 1 http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php#, 25.01.2012 6
Page 1 and 2: MSc Program Renewable Energy in Cen
Page 3 and 4: Abstract This Master Thesis raises
Page 5 and 6: 4.4 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage ..
Page 7 and 8: Acronyms AC _______________________
Page 9 and 10: security, optimise the grid infrast
Page 11: 1.3 Structure of work This paper is
Page 15 and 16: following procedure: Daily radiatio
Page 17 and 18: costs, and losses also cause high c
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3.2 shows that during the we
Page 21 and 22: 3.2.2 Supply Side Which storage pow
Page 23 and 24: 4.1 Storage demand Energy storage o
Page 25 and 26: 4.3 Storage Technologies Several ty
Page 27 and 28: A disadvantage of Pumped Hydroelect
Page 29 and 30: 4.4.3 Advantages/Disadvantages + Hu
Page 31 and 32: Utility Plant Power (Turbine) 14 St
Page 33 and 34: Oxygen Hydroxidions O2 OH - OH - +
Page 35 and 36: Figure 4.3: Schematic illustration
Page 37 and 38: Storage Media Volume Mass Pressure
Page 39 and 40: 4.5.3 SWOT Analysis Strengths Weakn
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.4: Layout of Compressed Ai
Page 43 and 44: 4.6.2 Key figures Rated power Sizes
Page 45 and 46: 4.7 Energy storage of pressurized g
Page 47 and 48: 4.8 Comparison of key figures The c
Page 49 and 50: (kilometers per person or per tonne
Page 51 and 52: GWh 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3
Page 53 and 54: During the course of the year, 5.3
Page 55 and 56: Table 5.2: Annual storage demand 20
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5.3: Daily comparison of dem
Page 59 and 60: 5.4 Derived daily storage demand Th
Page 61 and 62: Table 5.3: Daily storage demand 205
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Power in Austria is two thirds. 23
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demand by 1.1 TWh from 5.3 TWh to 4
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8 References Books/Journals Alamri,
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Articles Daneshi, H. et al.: Genera
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A.1 Data from Verbund 64
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comparison demand & supply - annual
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constant szenario month January - -
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Hour Comparison demand + supply one
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Hour Nat. ele consumption MW (thrid
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Hour July MWh daily electricity pro
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Hour 0:00 5.724 5.360 1:00 5.361 5.
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Growth Scenario 110 Wp_Ele/m2 13 GW
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Electricity Demand
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Public electricity supply on thrid
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ÖFFENTLICHE STROMVERSORGUNG ÖSTER
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02.01.10 02.01.10 16:45-17:00h 1.86
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07.01.10 07.01.10 12:45-13:00h 2.06
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12.01.10 12.01.10 08:45-09:00h 2.23
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17.01.10 17.01.10 04:45-05:00h 1.34
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22.01.10 22.01.10 00:45-01:00h 1.63
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26.01.10 26.01.10 20:45-21:00h 2.06
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31.01.10 31.01.10 16:45-17:00h 1.69
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Electricity Supply
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Daily electricity supply from PV (M
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Month Wind electricity supply wind
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Month HP storage electricity supply
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month geothermal storage electricit
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