The relevance of energy storages for an autarky of electricity supply ...
The relevance of energy storages for an autarky of electricity supply ...
The relevance of energy storages for an autarky of electricity supply ...
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4.5 Hydrogen Storage<br />
In 2011, the worldwide first Wind-Hydrogen hybrind power pl<strong>an</strong>t started, which<br />
produces hydrogen when <strong>electricity</strong> dem<strong>an</strong>d is low. Enertrag has constructed the<br />
pl<strong>an</strong>t, which is located in Prenzlau, Germ<strong>an</strong>y. Hydrogen is then either sold as fuel or<br />
it is mixed with biogas to produce <strong>electricity</strong> with a gas turbine. Another project in<br />
Germ<strong>an</strong>y, HyWindBal<strong>an</strong>ce, <strong>an</strong>alyzes the functionality <strong>of</strong> hydrogen production from<br />
excess <strong>electricity</strong> <strong>an</strong>d reconversation by hydrogen fuel cells. 17,18 In Fusina, Italy, the<br />
first hydrogen power pl<strong>an</strong>t was taken into operation in 2010. <strong>The</strong> pl<strong>an</strong>t uses<br />
hydrogen, which is a waste product <strong>of</strong> a nearby chemical pl<strong>an</strong>t <strong>an</strong>d produces<br />
<strong>electricity</strong> through a gas turbine. 19<br />
4.5.1 Technical description<br />
Hydrogen c<strong>an</strong> be produced from natural gas, oil, coal or water. Hydrogen in the<br />
context <strong>of</strong> this paper is considered as storage medium <strong>for</strong> REN, which excludes fossil<br />
fuels <strong>for</strong> the assessment <strong>of</strong> hydrogen production. Only a small amount <strong>of</strong> the<br />
hydrogen production (3 % worldwide) is produced via water electrolysis, which has<br />
the adv<strong>an</strong>tage <strong>of</strong> not producing CO2. Furthermore, it c<strong>an</strong> be produced in smaller<br />
units, <strong>for</strong> example at places where it is used or where excess <strong>electricity</strong> is produced.<br />
(Wittstadt, 2008; Huggins, 2010)<br />
Water electrolysis<br />
Hydrogen c<strong>an</strong> be produced through several procedures. <strong>The</strong> most interesting in<br />
regard to <strong>electricity</strong> storage is the electrolytic production <strong>of</strong> hydrogen. In water a<br />
voltage between two electrodes is imposed which exceeds the thermodynamic<br />
stability r<strong>an</strong>ge. <strong>The</strong> result is the evolution <strong>of</strong> hydrogen gas at the negative electrode<br />
<strong>an</strong>d oxygen gas at the positive electrode (see figure Figure 4.2 <strong>an</strong>d equations below).<br />
Both gases are stored separately to be available fast, if <strong>electricity</strong> is produced from<br />
fuel cells.<br />
17<br />
https://www.enertrag.com/projektentwicklung/hybridkraftwerk.html#, 17.01.2012<br />
18<br />
http://derst<strong>an</strong>dard.at/1319181179212/Deutschl<strong>an</strong>d-Weltweit-erstes-Wind-Wasserst<strong>of</strong>f-<br />
Hybridkraftwerk-gestartet, 17.01.2012<br />
19<br />
http://www.kraftwerk<strong>for</strong>schung.info/weltweit-erstes-wasserst<strong>of</strong>fkraftwerk-in-betrieb/, 17.01.2012<br />
25
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