The relevance of energy storages for an autarky of electricity supply ...

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they have large capacities and react slowly on discharge rates. Depending on the size of the geological structure, physical conditions and depth such storages can have capacities between hundred cubic meters and some billion cubic meter – around half of it can be discharged. The maximum pressure for these storages are 60 – 80 bar. Aquifer storage is considered to be the most cost effective. (Neupert, 2009; Rummich, 2009; Alamri, 2009) Cavern storage Caverns are big natural or artificial underground holes, which are used to store natural gas or liquid hydrocarbon. Artificial caverns in rock salt are most common, as they do not need any further sealing. Water is pumped into it, which transports the natural brine to the surface. Nowadays it is possible to reach a depth of 3000 m, a diameter of 60 – 100 m, heights of some hundreds of meters and a volume of about 800,000 m 3 . Liquids or liquid gas is filled into it and the brine is pumped out from the basement. Due to the low specific weight, liquid hydrocarbons are always on top of the brine and do not undermine the salt dome. To discharge the liquid, again brine is pumped into the cavern. To store gas, the natural brine is first pumped out completely. Afterwards the gas is pumped into it under certain pressure. To discharge gas, the overpressure in the cavern is used. Contrary to the pore-space storage, the pressure in the cavern is changing with the filling level. As the salty walls of the caverns are also leak-proof for gas, no losses occur. The maximum pressure depends on the depth of the storage and can be higher than the hydrostatic head. Nevertheless, it should not exceed the rock pressure at the given depth. Holes from the mining industry are usable for liquids or liquid gas. (Neupert, 2009; Rummich, 2009) 39
4.8 Comparison of key figures The comparison of the key figures in Table 4.6 of the assessed storage technologies show that Hydrogen Storage and Compressed Air Energy Storage could constitute a reasonable completion of the storage portfolio in Austria in the future. Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Hydrogen Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Rated power 20 – 2100 MW 16 MW (plant in Italy) 20 – 350 MW Energy content of the storage/capacity up to 588,3 GWh 36 – 720 TWh 175 GWh – 3.5 TWh Energy density 1 kWh/m 3 3,24 kWh/m 3 2 – 5 kWh/m 3 Self-discharge /losses yes, partly no, negligible no, negligible Availability in about 1 minute na data available around 10 minutes Efficiency 70 – 80 % 50 – 85 % 70 % Table 4.6: Comparison of storage technologies 40
Page 1 and 2: MSc Program Renewable Energy in Cen
Page 3 and 4: Abstract This Master Thesis raises
Page 5 and 6: 4.4 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage ..
Page 7 and 8: Acronyms AC _______________________
Page 9 and 10: security, optimise the grid infrast
Page 11 and 12: 1.3 Structure of work This paper is
Page 13 and 14: • This Thesis is a theoretic anal
Page 15 and 16: following procedure: Daily radiatio
Page 17 and 18: costs, and losses also cause high c
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3.2 shows that during the we
Page 21 and 22: 3.2.2 Supply Side Which storage pow
Page 23 and 24: 4.1 Storage demand Energy storage o
Page 25 and 26: 4.3 Storage Technologies Several ty
Page 27 and 28: A disadvantage of Pumped Hydroelect
Page 29 and 30: 4.4.3 Advantages/Disadvantages + Hu
Page 31 and 32: Utility Plant Power (Turbine) 14 St
Page 33 and 34: Oxygen Hydroxidions O2 OH - OH - +
Page 35 and 36: Figure 4.3: Schematic illustration
Page 37 and 38: Storage Media Volume Mass Pressure
Page 39 and 40: 4.5.3 SWOT Analysis Strengths Weakn
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.4: Layout of Compressed Ai
Page 43 and 44: 4.6.2 Key figures Rated power Sizes
Page 45: 4.7 Energy storage of pressurized g
Page 49 and 50: (kilometers per person or per tonne
Page 51 and 52: GWh 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3
Page 53 and 54: During the course of the year, 5.3
Page 55 and 56: Table 5.2: Annual storage demand 20
Page 57 and 58: Figure 5.3: Daily comparison of dem
Page 59 and 60: 5.4 Derived daily storage demand Th
Page 61 and 62: Table 5.3: Daily storage demand 205
Page 63 and 64: Power in Austria is two thirds. 23
Page 65 and 66: demand by 1.1 TWh from 5.3 TWh to 4
Page 67 and 68: 8 References Books/Journals Alamri,
Page 69 and 70: Articles Daneshi, H. et al.: Genera
Page 71 and 72: A.1 Data from Verbund 64
Page 73 and 74: comparison demand & supply - annual
Page 75 and 76: constant szenario month January - -
Page 77 and 78: Hour Comparison demand + supply one
Page 81 and 82: Hour Nat. ele consumption MW (thrid
Page 89 and 90: Hour July MWh daily electricity pro
Page 95 and 96: Hour Nat. ele consumption MW (thrid
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Hour Comparison demand + supply one
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Hour Nat. ele consumption MW (thrid
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Hour 0:00 5.724 5.360 1:00 5.361 5.
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Growth Scenario 110 Wp_Ele/m2 13 GW
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Electricity Demand
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Public electricity supply on thrid
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ÖFFENTLICHE STROMVERSORGUNG ÖSTER
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02.01.10 02.01.10 16:45-17:00h 1.86
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07.01.10 07.01.10 12:45-13:00h 2.06
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12.01.10 12.01.10 08:45-09:00h 2.23
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17.01.10 17.01.10 04:45-05:00h 1.34
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22.01.10 22.01.10 00:45-01:00h 1.63
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26.01.10 26.01.10 20:45-21:00h 2.06
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31.01.10 31.01.10 16:45-17:00h 1.69
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Electricity Supply
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Daily electricity supply from PV (M
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Month Wind electricity supply wind
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Month HP storage electricity supply
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month geothermal storage electricit
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