A Wavelength Converter Integrated with a Discretely Tunable Laser ...

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30 3. Semiconductor optical amplifier operation and device characterization J th [kA/cm 2 ] Power [mW] 3 2 1 400 500 700 1000 400 500 700 1000 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Current [mA] Figure 3.7: LI-curves of extended cavity lasers with different SOA lengths. Shown is the fiber coupled output power. 10 53a 53b 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1/L [cm -1 ] 1/η d 15 10 5 −1 η 53a i 53b 0 0 500 1000 1500 L [μm] Figure 3.8: a) Threshold current density as a function of the reciprocal SOA length. b) Reciprocal differential quantum efficiencies ¦ as a function of the SOA length. The lines are fits for and .
3.3 Extended Cavity Lasers and extended waveguide SOAs 31 for are typically higher then 80% in liturature. Note that may suffer from lateral current spreading under the SOA ridge and recombination in the separate confinement layers. From the fits it is found, using ¡ ¨ ¦ , that cm ¡ and cm ¡§ for the respective data sets, which is in the same order of magnitude as cm from literature (bulk lasers without passive sections). Laser spectra Inside a Fabry-Pérot laser as the ECL, the light experiences multiple reflections between the cleaved facets before it is transmitted. The cavity between the mirrors acts as a resonator and supports only longitudinal modes for which a round trip in the cavity equals an integer number of wavelengths. Hence, where is the group index, the cavity length and the longitudinal mode number. The mode spacing between adjacent modes follows from Eq. 3.25 and can be expressed as (3.25) ¦ A FP-laser spectrum is illustrated in Fig. 3.6. The envelope of the modes is determined by the net gain in the laser as a function of the wavelength. If the injection current is increased, then the mode near the gain peak becomes dominant. Representative spectra of the ECL test structures, recorded with an optical spectrum analyzer, are presented in Fig. 3.9. The longitudinal mode spacing of the ( ECLs mm) can be calculated using Eq. 3.26, which results in Power [dB/0.1nm] 0 -20 -40 -60 75 mA 100 mA 1530 1550 1570 1590 Wavelength [nm] Power [dB/0.1nm] (3.26) 0 -20 -40 -60 75 mA 100 mA 1530 1550 1570 1590 Wavelength [nm] Figure 3.9: Spectra of 4.3 mm long extended cavity lasers with active sections of 6a) 600 and b) 700 in length.
Page 1 and 2: A Wavelength Converter Integrated w
Page 3 and 4: iii
Page 5 and 6: Contents v 4.3 Waveguide components
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Optical
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Exploiting optical fiber capaci
Page 11 and 12: 1.3 Wavelength conversion in WDM ne
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 2 Wavelength converter over
Page 15 and 16: 2.2 Optical gating 9 λcontrol λpr
Page 17 and 18: 2.2 Optical gating 11 powers (in th
Page 19 and 20: 2.2 Optical gating 13 Michelson Int
Page 21 and 22: 2.3 Coherent wave mixing (FWM, DFG)
Page 23 and 24: 2.5 Summary 17 2.5 Summary The main
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 3 Semiconductor optical amp
Page 27 and 28: 3.2 Amplification in SOAs 21 Table
Page 29 and 30: 3.3 Extended Cavity Lasers and exte
Page 35: 3.3 Extended Cavity Lasers and exte
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 Integration of waveguide
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 Waveguide components 41 Table 4
Page 49 and 50: 4.3 Waveguide components 43 4.3.2 P
Page 51 and 52: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 45 the a
Page 53 and 54: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 47 The c
Page 55 and 56: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 49 speed
Page 57 and 58: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 51 resis
Page 59 and 60: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 53 activ
Page 61 and 62: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 55 a) 60
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 57 due t
Page 65 and 66: 4.4 Integration trade-offs 59 The
Page 67 and 68: 4.5 Conclusions 61 4.5 Conclusions
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 5 Technology 5.1 Introducti
Page 71 and 72: 5.2 Epitaxy 65 of the stack Q(1.25)
Page 73 and 74: 5.3 Waveguide processing 67 InP Q(1
Page 75 and 76: 5.3 Waveguide processing 69 h l h S
Page 77 and 78: 5.4 Contact openings and metalizati
Page 79 and 80: 5.4 Contact openings and metalizati
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 6 MWL with absolute wavelen
Page 83 and 84: 6.3 MWL with absolute wavelength co
Page 85 and 86: 6.3 MWL with absolute wavelength co
Page 87 and 88:
6.5 Measurements 81 facet M 1 O4 O3
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6.5 Measurements 83 127 mA, which e
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Chapter 7 MZI wavelength converter
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7.2 Operating principle of the MZI
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7.3 Converter performance 89 Note t
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7.3 Converter performance 91 Chirp
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7.4 Wavelength converter design 93
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7.5 Fabrication 95 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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7.6 Measurements 97 Power out [dBm]
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7.6 Measurements 99 mental and firs
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7.6 Measurements 101 fiber-to-fiber
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7.6 Measurements 103 P out [dBm] P
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7.6 Measurements 105 Power [dBm] -1
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7.6 Measurements 107 Substituting E
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7.6 Measurements 109 7.6.4 BER meas
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7.7 Conclusion 111 output extinctio
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Chapter 8 Wavelength Converter inte
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8.2 Design 115 MWL1 M1 O1 O2 O3 O4
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8.4 Static measurements 117 Control
Page 125 and 126:
8.4 Static measurements 119 The LI-
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8.5 Dynamic operation 121 BER 2.5 G
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8.6 Discussion 123 Wavelength [μm]
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8.6 Discussion 125 lower then the l
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8.7 Conclusions 127 8.7 Conclusions
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Appendix A Mask plates The mask pla
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References [1] H. Takara, E. Yamada
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References 133 [24] R.G. Broeke, J.
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References 135 [51] C.Q. Xu, K. Shi
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References 137 [88] J.J.M. Binsma,
Page 145 and 146:
Summary A wavelength converter inte
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Samenvatting Een golflengte omzette
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Dankwoord Een dankwoord hoort vol m
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echoduo een glas komen claimen, en
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List of Abbreviations AOWC All Opti
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Curriculum Vitae Ronald Broeke was
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List of publications 1. R.G. Broeke
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18. R.G. Broeke A Chirped phased-ar
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