First Peter - Lorin

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Greek NT 10 ὁ δὲ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος, ὁ καλέσας ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἐν Χριστῷ, ὀλίγον παθόντας αὐτὸς καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει. 11 αὐτῷ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων· ἀμήν. The First Letter of Peter Bible Study Session 21 1 Peter 5:10-11 “God’s Promise” Gute Nachricht Bibel 10 Ihr müsst jetzt für eine kurze Zeit leiden. Aber Gott hat euch in seiner großen Gnade dazu berufen, in Gemeinschaft mit Jesus Christus für immer in seiner Herrlichkeit zu leben. Er wird euch Kraft geben, sodass euer Glaube stark und fest bleibt und ihr nicht zu Fall kommt. 11 Ihm gehört die Macht in Ewigkeit. Amen. NRSV 10 And after you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who has called you to his eternal glory in Christ, will himself restore, support, strengthen, and establish you. 11 To him be the power forever and ever. Amen. Study By Lorin L Cranford A copy of this lesson is posted in Adobe pdf format at http://cranfordville.com under Bible Studies in the Bible Study Aids section. A note about the blue, underlined material: These are hyperlinks that allow you to click them on and bring up the specified scripture passage automatically while working inside the pdf file connected to the internet. Just use your web browser’s back arrow or the taskbar to return to the lesson material. All rights reserved © by C&L Publications Inc. NLT 10 In his kindness God called you to his eternal glory by means of Jesus Christ. After you have suffered a little while, he will restore, support, and strengthen you, and he will place you on a firm foundation. 11 All power is his forever and ever. Amen. Quick Links to the Study I. Context II. Message a. Historical a.God’s promise, v. 10 b. Literary b. God’s praise, v. 11 c. Unjust Suffering: review of 3:13-5:11 *************************************************************************** Introduction to Study. With this passage we come to the end of the discussion on persecution and unjust suffering that was begun in 3:13. And also we come to the end of the body proper of the letter itself (1:13-5:11). What a way Peter has for ending his letter: a beautiful promise of divine grace to help those believers suffering under the heavy load of persecution. This final idea of Peter’s letter to the believers in ancient Anatolia left them with hope and encouragement that God was standing with them during their difficult times. We modern readers can find much encouragement in this divine promise from our God. This should prompt us to follow Peter’s example in verse eleven by bursting forth in a doxology of praise to the Lord. Once we complete the analysis of these two verses, we will review the theme of unjust suffering and persecution that has occupied studies 15 through 21 that began in 3:13 of the letter. We must not leave this important study without attempting to pull it together in a wholistic summary. I. Context and Background 1 First we need to take a look at the historical and literary setting of this passage. a. Historical External History. The original wording of these two verses is less certain than with most other passages in First Peter. The United Bible Societies 4th revised edition of The Greek New Testament contains five variations of wording in these two short Greek sentences. Also the Nestle-Aland 27th revised edition of Novum Testamentum Graece lists the same variations in its text apparatus. First in v. 10, with the phrase ὁ καλέσας ὑμᾶς (the One who called you), some manuscripts read ὁ καλέσας ἡμᾶς 1Serious study of the Bible requires careful analysis of the background and setting of the scripture passage. Failure to do this leads to interpretive garbage and possibly to heresy. Detailed study of the background doesn’t always answer all the questions, but it certainly gets us further along toward correct understanding of both the historical and contemporary meanings of a text. This serious examination of both the historical and literary background of every passage will be presented in summary form with each of the studies. Bible Study: Page 284
(the One who called us). 2 A large majority of manuscripts support the reading of ὑμᾶς (you), which suggests that it was the original reading. 3 Second in v. 10, the prepositional phrase ἐν Χριστῷ [Ἰησοῦ] (in Christ Jesus) has variations of wording. 4 Two alternative readings are found: a) ἐν Χριστῷ or b) the phrase completely omitted. 5 The external support of manuscript evidence favors the longer reading, while internally the shorter reading (# a) is favored. The name Ἰησοῦ (Jesus) is included in brackets [-] because some important early manuscripts omit it, while other include it. Only one late manuscript omits the prepositional phrase completely. This leave us with some uncertainty about whether the original wording was “in Christ Jesus” or just “in Christ.” The meaning is essentially the same which ever direction one goes. Third in v. 10, the series of verbs, καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει (he will restore, support, strengthen, establish...) has variations of wording in many different manuscripts. 6 Despite several variations of wordings, most of these represent efforts at improving the style in writing Greek at a later period of time. 7 The reading of καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει represents the original wording of the text. Fourth in v. 11, some variation of wording, mainly the addition or omission of ἡ δόξα (the glory), surface here among the manuscripts. 8 The influence of the wording in 4:11 (ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν 2 “The second person plural pronoun ὑμᾶς is supported by the overwhelming preponderance of evidence. The Textus Receptus, however, following later Greek manuscripts, reads ἡμᾶς (us). In later Greek, the vowels η and υ were pronounced alike, and it is altogether possible that some copyists who wrote ἡμᾶς intended to write ὑμᾶς.” [Roger L. Omanson and Bruce Manning Metzger, A Textual Guide to the Greek New Testament : An Adaptation of Bruce M. Metzger’s Textual Commentary for the Needs of Translators (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006), 491.] 3 72 “{A} ὑμᾶς P א A B Ψ 33 81 322 323 436 945 1067 1175 1241 1243 1292 1409 1505 1611 1735 1739 1852 2138 2298 2344 2464 Byz [K L P] Lect ith, q vgmss syrh copsa , bo arm eth geo slav // ἡμᾶς 0206 1881 l 422 l 592 l 809 l 921 l 938 l 1153 l 1364 l 1441 itar, t, z vg syrp copbomss Didymusdub ” 4 72 “A majority of the Committee was impressed by the support of P and many other Greek, versional, and patristic witnesses reading Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, yet because Ἰησοῦ is absent from several important manuscripts (including א B 614), it was decided to enclose the word within square brackets, indicating doubt that it belongs in the text. “[In view of the tendency of scribes to add rather than omit sacred names, the shorter text is to be preferred. B.M.M.]” [Bruce Manning Metzger and United Bible Societies, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament (4th Rev. Ed.) (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994), 627.] 5 {C} ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ P72 A Ψ 33 81 322 323 436 1067 1175 1241 1243 1409 1735 1739 1852 1881 2298 2344 2464 Byz [K L P] Lect itar, h, q, t, z vg syr (p), h with * copsams, bo arm (eth) geo slav Didymusdub // ἐν Χριστῷ א (B ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ) 1292 1505 1611 2138 copsams // omit 945 6 vid {B} καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει א 33 436 945 1067 1241 (1243 καταρτιεῖ) 1409 1739* 1852 1881 2344 2464 // καταρτίσει ὑμᾶς, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει 1739c 2298 Lect // καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει (322 323 omit ὑμᾶς) 1735 Byz [K L P] l 590 (l 592 ὑμᾶς καί) l 593vid l 1156 slav // καταρτίσαι, στηρίξαι, σθενώσαι, θεμελιώσαι 1292 1505 1611 2138 (l 422 l 895 lAD καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς) l 1159 // καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, θεμελιώσει P72 81 1175 itq, t vgmss arm (geo) // καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει A B (Ψ 0206 καταρτιεῖ) l 1298 l 1365 itar, h, z vg [Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Carlo M. Martini et al., The Greek New Testament, Fourth Revised Edition (With Apparatus); The Greek New Testament, 4th Revised Edition (With Apparatus) (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft; Stuttgart, 2000; 2009).] 7 “Similarity of ending of each of these four future tense verbs accounts for the accidental omission of the verb σθενώσει (he will strengthen) in some manuscripts and of θεμελιώσει in other manuscripts. The replacement of these future indicative verbs with verbs in the optative mood (καταρτίσαι, στηρίξαι, etc.) reflects modification by copyists or editors for reasons of style.” [Roger L. Omanson and Bruce Manning Metzger, A Textual Guide to the Greek New Testament: An Adaptation of Bruce M. Metzger’s Textual Commentary for the Needs of Translators (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006), 492.] 8 72 ar ww, st {B} τὸ κράτος (P omit τό) A B Ψ it vg geo // ἡ δόξα 915 itt // ἡ δόξα κράτος K (436 1067 omit ἡ) 1409 Lect (l 884 l 921 omit ἡ) // ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος (see 4.11) א 1735 Byz [L P] l 422 l 592 l 593 l 895 l 1159 lAD itz vgcl copsa slav // τὸ κράτος καὶ ἡ δόξα 33 81 322 323 945 1175 1241 1243 1292 1505 1611 1739 1852 1881 2138 2298 2344 2464 l 1298 l 1365 syrh copbo arm h, q vgmss // virtus et potestas it Bible Study: Page 285
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ΠΕΤΡΟΥ Α 1.1 Πέτρος
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First ΠΕΤΡΟΥ Peter Studies Α
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Greek NT 1.1 Πέτρος ἀπόσ
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y First Peter can easily fit the ti
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ecipients of the letter. The Saluta
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itself: The author calls himself Pe
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were now God’s people, rather tha
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action of the Holy Spirit in settin
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Paul’s example through the influe
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Quick Links to the Study I. Context
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Internal History. The time and plac
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oad genre needs to be addressed. An
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sprinkled with his blood.“ At the
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3 Εὐλογητὸς ὁ θεὸ
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tion to what kind of inheritance my
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only to feel but to express it as w
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faith, not by sight.” In these fi
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salvation. Salvation, σωτηρί
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And by his praise he calls upon his
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their goodness or accomplishments,
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Holy Spirit made this preaching pos
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esponded to the preaching of the Go
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Because of the particular genre of
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and intentionally as a firm decisio
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holiness. b. Become holy in your li
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life. There are no sections that we
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in a complex manner in the original
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1.20 | indeed who was foreknown | b
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nor to treat Him lightly. Accountab
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The second expansion element to the
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Christ, and how He was superior to
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Greek NT 22 Τὰς ψυχὰς ὑ
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altered the way of living for these
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Core: ἀλλήλους ἀγαπή
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down inside them. 23 Expansion 3:
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the wording but the essential idea
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Greek NT 2.1 Ἀποθέμενοι
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in the centuries of being copied by
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| Behold, a stone is laid | in Zion
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and spirituality in western thinkin
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‘salvation’ as the eschatologic
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the conversion of his readers and t
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y men (ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων
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of three main clauses with expansio
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Greek NT 9 Ὑμεῖς δὲ γέ
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the preceding page, 2:9-10 comes as
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A royal priesthood, βασίλει
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one people of God, thus bridging al
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Greek NT 11Ἀγαπητοί,παρ
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precisely by Peter in 4:15 as “a
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2.12 among the Gentiles while posse
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Peter’s repeated use of ἐπιθ
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eaders as ἐκλεκτοῖς πα
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enough to bring public accusations
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Greek NT 13 Ὑποτάγητε π
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I. Context and Background 2 Underst
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legitimately as agitators against R
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perative verb calls upon believers
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does not provide any justification
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who loves another has fulfilled the
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Greek NT 18 Οἱ οἰκέται
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modern Western society where slaver
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the masculine to the neuter partici
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translation. In 2:18 he begins the
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distinguish themselves to their non
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Quite a large number of Greek words
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matter his character or disposition
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γὰρ ἐκλήθητε (For to t
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period of being deceived. 43 Peter
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emphasis that was begun in 2:18. Th
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in spite of the serious restriction
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Peter turned to discuss the obligat
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household, but not in some demeanin
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Rather they were coping with overt
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to one another by ἀλλʼ (but ra
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Beyond this larger text of 2:11-3:7
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Greek NT Οἱ ἄνδρες ὁμ
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ζωῆς αιωιου, ‘grace of
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understanding of how everything is
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. Here’s how to do it and why pay
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Although Paul does not mention male
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Greek NT 8 Τὸ δὲ τέλος
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text lists a total of seven variati
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Literary Structure. The block diagr
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ὁμόφρονες (homophrōn):
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sider this a virtue, but rather a w
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against those who do evil.” 10
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Greek NT 13 Καὶ τίς ὁ κα
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phrase. 5 As is reflected in the tr
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are suffering persecution for their
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looks back to ποιοῦντας
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suffer for doing evil. 18 For Chris
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core admonition is κύριον δ
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that God is truly revered 36 and ha
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is not suffering, but why is suffer
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ὑμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τ
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Crucial to establishing a viewpoint
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punishing. 66 Encouragement comes f
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Introduction to Study. As Peter con
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God’s acknowledgment and affirmat
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a way of thinking. 7 The incorporat
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clearly is Christ and His suffering
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Such lists specified patterns of be
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practiced throughout the Roman empi
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a spiritual catastrophe. Such a neg
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eing very obscure. At minimal, any
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Greek NT 7 Πάντων δὲ τὸ
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own distinct pattern of expression.
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ζῶντας καὶ νεκρού
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One of the seemingly problematic as
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inclusively, 12 Peter’s emphasis
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tention! Wake up!” in 5:8). 23 Bi
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otherly love is what covers sins in
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are a χάρισμα which Peter th
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Greek NT 12 Ἀγαπητοί, μ
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a. Historical External History. In
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2.9 δὲ 12 Ὑμεῖς (εισι
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| δὲ -- παρεδίδου τῷ
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καὶ 38 - ----- ---- ----- πο
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θελήματι θεοῦ τὸν
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4.17 ὅτι 64 ὁ καιρὸς (
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83 5.13 ἀσπάζεται ὑμ
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more precious than gold /----------
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--- was manifested in the last of t
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out of darkness of the One who call
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2.25 For 24 you...were being led as
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2.13 And 41 who is the one doing yo
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into this reason also 52 to the dea
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69 5.2 Shepherd God’s flock among
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The First Letter of Peter Bibliogra
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ed. Trans. W. F. Arndt and F. W. Gi
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37. Daniélou, J. Sacramentum Futur
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Goppelt, L. TYPOS: The Typological
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MacInnes, J. M. Peter the Fisherman
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1970. Schiwy, G. Die katholischen B
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e la Prima Lettera di Pietro.” Gr
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547-55. Dalton, W. J. “Proclamati
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Josephson, H. “Niedergefahren zur
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Schweizer, E. “1 Petrus 4:6.” T
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Bengel, J. A. Gnomon Novi Testament
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Neue Testament 12. Göttingen: Vand
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Mounce, R. H. A Living Hope: A Comm
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