Micro-gasification: Cooking with gas from biomass - Amper

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Micro-gasification: Cooking with gas from dry biomass 3.3 Feedstock ready to use without major processing The list of usable feedstock is nearly endless and depends on what is readily available in a certain location. The following table from FAO gives some ideas, where to look for appropriate feedstock. Municipal by-products are not recommended for use in micro-gasifiers for cooking or space-heating, due to high variability and the presence of potentially toxic ingredients, such as used motor oil and rechargeable batteries. Source: Unified Bioenergy Terminology ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/j4504e/j4504e00.pdf, page 9 Agricultural residues are generated in large volumes season by season and often discarded as waste - not put to use at all. Crop residues are the largest source of non-timber biomass fuel: straw, stem, stalk, leaves, husk, shell, peel, lint, stones, pulp, stubble, etc. which come from cereals (rice, wheat, maize or corn, sorghum, barley, millet), cotton, groundnut, jute, legumes (tomato, bean, soy), coffee, cacao, olive, tea, fruits (banana, mango, coco, cashew) and palm oil. In the developing world, most agricultural residues that are burnt as fuel are used in their natural state with some pre-treatment like drying, and cutting, and compacting in rare. Compared to wood-fuels, crop residues typically have a high content of volatile matter, lower density and lower burning time. The next table provides a comparison: Advantages Disadvantages Agricultural residue is a fuel which is available free of cost to the poor rural families. It is also a useful way to dispose of the crop residues in the field, instead of burning them in situ. Agricultural wastes remain safer than LPG which poses some safety concerns in local transport and use; It is easy to handle and transport; Low impact on women‘s time for harvesting Agricultural wastes are much easier to light than wood and charcoal HERA – GIZ Manual Micro-gasification Version 1.01 January 2011 It is responsible for extreme cases of air pollution when it is burned in open fires or traditional improved stoves. But it can burn well in gasifier stoves. It is very bulky and has to be carried to the homes. The seasonal availability of crop residues can be limit for its use. Its burning time is shorter. Its storage requires more space inside a house or shelter and protected from rain. 77
Micro-gasification: Cooking with gas from dry biomass Some of the disadvantages associated with the bulkiness of the residues can be addressed by shaping and compressing the raw fuel, a process called ―densification‖. Unfavorable burning properties of native residues when used in conventional burners can be overcome by the use of micro-gasifier burners that can handle this type of fuel best. Some other examples show that use as fuel can contribute to decreased environmental pollution. People get encouraged to use waste biomass that otherwise would be left to rot or burn, accumulate in large piles or unnecessarily consume precious land-fill-space. HERA – GIZ Manual Micro-gasification Version 1.01 January 2011 An example of an unprocessed feedstock with excellent fuel properties to be used in a gasifier stove: the rind of some kind of large citrus fruit called ‗chadeck‘ commonly found in Haiti. According to Nathaniel Mulcahy in March 2010, they got 37 minutes of pure blue flame with the rind of only 3 chadeck fruits. Source: http://tweetphoto.com/13064693, courtesy of worldstove Also from Nathaniel Mulcahy, unprocessed sugarcane stalks forming one load of fuel for a locally made Lucia stove in Haiti, burning with a clean flame. Courtesy of WorldStove, http://tweetphoto.com/14266639 and 14266747 78
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Micro-gasification: Cooking with gas from biomass - Amper

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