Open Innovation 2.0 Yearbook 2013 - European Commission - Europa

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70 O P E N I N N O V A T I O N 2 0 1 3 Contact The Vision and roadmap urban lighting is produced by LightHouse for, and in partnership with, the city of Eindhoven as part of the INTERREG IVC PLUS project. If you are interested, contact us (http:// www.ili-lighthouse.nl or http://www.tue.nl/ili). Prof. Dr ir. Elke den Ouden Strategic Director, LightHouse Intelligent Lighting Institute of the Eindhoven University of Technology e.d.ouden@tue.nl Dr ir. Rianne Valkenburg Value Producer, LightHouse Intelligent Lighting Institute of the Eindhoven University of Technology and Professor of Knowledge transfer in product innovation, The Hague University of Applied Sciences a.c.valkenburg@tue.nl Prof. Dr Emile Aarts Scientific Director, Intelligent Lighting Institute of the Eindhoven University of Technology e.h.l.aarts@tue.nl
3.3. Smarter water: why open innovation is essential for managing the world’s most essential resource Introduction Water is one of our most essential resources. Yet many of us may not fully realise how important water actually is and the extent of the interconnections between water and a host of other areas. We cannot survive without water — aside from the water we directly consume, it is also a key input for producing the food needed for our survival. As the world’s population increases from 7 billion now to an estimated 8 billion in 2025 [1], the demand for water will rise to satisfy increased demand for food, particularly as meat consumption in global diets increases [2]. Every time you consume a kilo of beef you may not realise that it takes 15 500 litres to produce it compared to 1 300 litres for a kilo of wheat [3]. Water is also critically important for health and this link is significant — over 50 % of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by people suffering from water-related diseases [4]. Water is also essential for producing a host of goods and services right across the economy. Each of us, on average, consumes about 3 800 litres a day embodied in the goods and services we produce as well as the water we directly consume [5]. As the world’s population and their incomes grow, so too will demand for the water to produce the goods and services needed to satisfy consumption. Energy, in particular, is heavily reliant on water — it accounts for almost half of the total water used in the United States [6] and 44 % in the <strong>European</strong> Union [7]. As our energy needs grow, so too will our need for water and issues with water availability are already restricting energy production in various ways [8]. A less obvious, but still important, link is to our transport networks — road and rail networks are becoming more vulnerable to flooding from storm surges, rainstorms and rising water tables [9], transport infrastructure along coastal regions is at increasing risk from sea level rises [10], while at the other end of the spectrum, drought is pushing roads to their design limits and causing cracking [11], as well as restricting navigation channels [12]. The world’s water system is facing several significant challenges It is important for us to realise the full extent of how important water is because the world’s water system is experiencing several significant issues that are creating critical vulnerabilities. The impact of these problems could potentially be widespread given the nature and extent of the interlinkage between water and other systems that we have just described. And, while each of these issues on their own is significant, they are also interrelated, so challenges in one area can worsen and exacerbate the problems we are facing in other areas of our water system (Figure 1). Figure 1: Interrelated challenges in the world’s water system Population growth and urbanisation are driving a significant increase in water usage and this is creating a problem with water stress — where demand exceeds water available [13]. The intensity of our water use is also rising — water use increased at twice the rate of population growth between 1900 and 1995 [14]. At the same time, water availability is decreasing and this is worsened by declining water quality in many parts of the world which effectively reduces the supply of water available [15]. As a result, we are facing growing problems with water stress and this is affecting all regions globally [16]. We are also facing almost universal issues with the infrastructure underpinning our water system. Many systems have problems with water that is ‘unaccounted for’ or lost through leakages 71
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION Open Innovation
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Contents FOREWORD . . . . . . . . .
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Introduction The objective of our I
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Executive summary This yearbook Ope
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CHAPTER I Policy development 1.1. E
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shift the development pace signific
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In the approach the European Commis
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Innovation dynamics have increased,
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and joint growth in an organic, non
Page 21 and 22: their environment with its technolo
Page 23 and 24: In the course of his work, McInerne
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3: Ecological systems framew
Page 27 and 28: innovation maturity level such as t
Page 29 and 30: [13] Oakley, A. (1990), Schumpeter
Page 31 and 32: Innovation does not necessarily imp
Page 33 and 34: where Europe remains an abstraction
Page 35 and 36: [4] Giannakouris, K., Smihily, M. (
Page 37 and 38: The term ‘smart city’ has attra
Page 39 and 40: Improve-My-City is an application d
Page 41 and 42: participate, and a proof of this is
Page 43 and 44: models could dynamically evolve ove
Page 45 and 46: even learn to pilot, experiment and
Page 47 and 48: European ICT companies are collabor
Page 49 and 50: ‘smart specialisation platform’
Page 51 and 52: 2.3. Innovating with and for the pu
Page 53 and 54: Case study: Helsinki City Home Care
Page 55 and 56: Thus, the city has acted as a co-cr
Page 57 and 58: Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the
Page 59 and 60: There are many European initiatives
Page 61 and 62: 3.2. Participative innovation in sm
Page 63 and 64: LIGHT HOUSE Figure 2: The reference
Page 65 and 66: who’s allowed to do what? Who is
Page 67 and 68: Figure 6: Elements of the roadmap f
Page 69 and 70: The roadmap shows that much is alre
Page 71: Concrete actions for the short term
Page 75 and 76: industrial users’ infrastructure
Page 77 and 78: [27] UN Office for the Coordination
Page 79 and 80: There is, however, a general agreem
Page 81 and 82: to more personalisation on data-sha
Page 83 and 84: [14] The official website of the UK
Page 85 and 86: the organisation to meet demand in
Page 87 and 88: Table 2: Challenges of the company
Page 89 and 90: 3.6. Horizon 2020: Regional Innovat
Page 91 and 92: The thrust of the recommendations f
Page 93 and 94: Table 2: Possible 1-year work proce
Page 95 and 96: programme (Figure 1). Participants
Page 97 and 98: The active agents of the metropolis
Page 99 and 100: • active cross-sectoral communica
Page 101 and 102: Working with patterns is not a new
Page 103 and 104: shifts in deep understanding that a
Page 105 and 106: We are now approaching the end of t
Page 107 and 108: The Open Innovation Lab: innovation
Page 109 and 110: References [1] http://www.fi-ppp.eu
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Open Innovation 2.0 Yearbook 2013 - European Commission - Europa

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