Open Innovation 2.0 Yearbook 2013 - European Commission - Europa

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74 O P E N I N N O V A T I O N 2 0 1 3 Environment Programme, UN-HABITAT, GRID-Arendal (http://www.unep.org/pdf/SickWater_screen.pdf). [5] Based on IBV calculations from data in Hoekstra, A. Y., Mekonnen, M. M. (2012), ‘The water footprint of humanity’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, No 9, pp. 3232–3237 (http://www. pnas.org/content/early/2012/02/06/1109936109.full. pdf?with-ds=yes). [6] USGS, Thermoelectric Power Water Use, United States Geological Survey (USGS) (http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/ wupt.html). [7] European Environment Agency (2009), Water resources across Europe — confronting water scarcity and drought, European Environment Agency, Report No 2/2009 (http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ water-resources-across-europe/view). [8] WEF (2009), ‘World Economic Forum Water Initiative — Managing Our Future Water Needs for Agriculture, Industry, Human Health and the Environment’, World Economic Forum (WEF) (http://www.scribd.com/ doc/22593374/World-Economic-Forum-Water-Initiative- Managing-Our-Future-Water-Needs-for-Agriculture- Industry-Human-Health-and-the-Environment); see also, for example, Zongyang, T., Yue, Z. (2011), ‘Hydropower running out of steam due to drought’, China Daily (http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-05/25/ content_12575531.htm); Webber, M. E. (2012), ‘Will Drought Cause the Next Blackout?’, The New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/opinion/willdrought-cause-the-next-blackout.html?_r=0); Kemp, J. (2012), France-Presse, A. (2012), ‘U.S. proposes more fracking disclosure’, Mother Nature Network (http://www. mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/ us-proposes-more-fracking-disclosure). [9] Transportation Research Board (2008), Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation, National Research Council, Transportation Research Board Special Report 290, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (http://onlinepubs.trb.org/ onlinepubs/sr/sr290.pdf). [10] Titus, J. G. (1993), ‘Regional effects of sea level rise’, Warrick, R. A. et al., Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications, Cambridge University Press, pp. 395–400; Titus, J. (2002), Does Sea Level Rise Matter to Transportation Along the Atlantic Coast?, presented at ‘The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation’ workshop (http://climate.dot. gov/documents/workshop1002/titus.pdf). [11] Wald, M. L., Schwartz, J. (2012), ‘Weather Extremes Leave Parts of U.S. Grid Buckling’, The New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/26/us/ rise-in-weather-extremes-threatens-infrastructure. html?ref=earth). [12] University of Missouri-St. Louis (2012), ‘Water transportation economist discusses drought’s impact on river shipping’, UMSL Daily (http://blogs.umsl.edu/ news/2012/08/05/river-shipping/). [13] United Nations (2006), Water — a shared responsibility, The United Nations World Development Report 2 (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0014/001454/145405E.pdf). [14] United Nations (1999), ‘The State of the Environment — Freshwater’, GEO-2000: Global Environment Outlook, United Nations Environment Programme. [15] ‘Water stress causes deterioration of fresh water resources both in terms of quantity due, for example, to aquifer over-exploitation, dry rivers, etc., as well as in terms of quality due, for example, to eutrophication, organic matter pollution and saline intrusion’, European Environment Agency (http://www.eea.europa.eu/ themes/water/wise-help-centre/glossary-definitions/ water-stress). [16] OECD (2008), OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). [17] Hennessy, M. (2012), ‘Fears UK hosepipe ban to be extended’, Irish Times (http://www.irishtimes.com/ newspaper/world/2012/0406/1224314435450.html). [18] Shukla, S. (2011), ‘BMC plans to outsource pipe leak detection’, Indian Express (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ bmc-plans-to-outsource-pipe-leak-detection/857557/). [19] Siemens (2010), Latin American Green City Index — Assessing the environmental performance of Latin America’s major cities, Siemens (http://www.siemens. com/entry/cc/features/greencityindex_international/all/ en/pdf/report_latam_en.pdf). [20] Hornby, C. (2011), ‘Brazil needs $42 billion of water and waste investment by 2015’, The Sign Post (http://blogs.terrapinn.com/total-asset/2011/03/23/ brazil-42-billion-water-waste-investment-2015/). [21] American Water Works Association (2012), Buried No Longer — Confronting America’s Water infrastructure Challenge, American Water Works Association (http:// www.awwa.org/files/GovtPublicAffairs/GADocuments/ BuriedNoLongerCompleteFinal.pdf). [22] IBM Institute for Business Value calculations based on data in EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (http://www.em-dat.net/). [23] Global Water Forum (2012), Water Outlook to 2050: The OECD calls for early and strategic action, Global Water Forum (http://www.globalwaterforum. org/2012/05/21/water-outlook-to-2050-the-oecd-callsfor-early-and-strategic-action/). [24] United Nations (2003), Water for People — Water for Life, The United Nations World Water Development Report (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0012/001297/129726e.pdf). [25] Environmental Protection Agency (2004), Report to Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (http://cfpub. epa.gov/npdes/cso/cpolicy_report2004.cfm); while environmental protection policy aimed at reducing these overflows has been in place since 1994, virtually all combined sewer systems continue to overflow when it rains heavily: see National Resources Development Council (2012), Testing the waters, 22nd Edition, National Resources Development Council (http://www. nrdc.org/water/oceans/ttw/ttw2012-Sources.pdf). [26] Unicef and the World Health Organisation (2012), Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation — 2012 Update, Unicef and World Health Organisation (WHO) (http://www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf).
[27] UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2010), Water Scarcity and Humanitarian Action: Key Emerging Trends and Challenges, OCHA Occasional Policy Briefing Series, No 4. [28] Olstein, M., Marden, D. L., Voeller, J. G., Jennings, J. D. (2005), Succession Planning for a Vital Workforce in the Information Age, American Water Works Association. [29] IBV calculations based on data from Working in Australia (2009), Severe skills shortage in the water industry (http://www. workingin-australia.com/news/31175/ severe-skills-shortage-in-the-water-industry). Contact Dr Mary Keeling Manager, Economic Analysis, Smarter Cities, IBM mary.keeling@ie.ibm.com 75
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doi 10.2759/87245 KK-AI-12-001-EN-C
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION Open Innovation
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Contents FOREWORD . . . . . . . . .
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Introduction The objective of our I
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Executive summary This yearbook Ope
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CHAPTER I Policy development 1.1. E
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shift the development pace signific
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In the approach the European Commis
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Innovation dynamics have increased,
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and joint growth in an organic, non
Page 21 and 22:
their environment with its technolo
Page 23 and 24:
In the course of his work, McInerne
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3: Ecological systems framew
Page 27 and 28: innovation maturity level such as t
Page 29 and 30: [13] Oakley, A. (1990), Schumpeter
Page 31 and 32: Innovation does not necessarily imp
Page 33 and 34: where Europe remains an abstraction
Page 35 and 36: [4] Giannakouris, K., Smihily, M. (
Page 37 and 38: The term ‘smart city’ has attra
Page 39 and 40: Improve-My-City is an application d
Page 41 and 42: participate, and a proof of this is
Page 43 and 44: models could dynamically evolve ove
Page 45 and 46: even learn to pilot, experiment and
Page 47 and 48: European ICT companies are collabor
Page 49 and 50: ‘smart specialisation platform’
Page 51 and 52: 2.3. Innovating with and for the pu
Page 53 and 54: Case study: Helsinki City Home Care
Page 55 and 56: Thus, the city has acted as a co-cr
Page 57 and 58: Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the
Page 59 and 60: There are many European initiatives
Page 61 and 62: 3.2. Participative innovation in sm
Page 63 and 64: LIGHT HOUSE Figure 2: The reference
Page 65 and 66: who’s allowed to do what? Who is
Page 67 and 68: Figure 6: Elements of the roadmap f
Page 69 and 70: The roadmap shows that much is alre
Page 71 and 72: Concrete actions for the short term
Page 73 and 74: 3.3. Smarter water: why open innova
Page 75: industrial users’ infrastructure
Page 79 and 80: There is, however, a general agreem
Page 81 and 82: to more personalisation on data-sha
Page 83 and 84: [14] The official website of the UK
Page 85 and 86: the organisation to meet demand in
Page 87 and 88: Table 2: Challenges of the company
Page 89 and 90: 3.6. Horizon 2020: Regional Innovat
Page 91 and 92: The thrust of the recommendations f
Page 93 and 94: Table 2: Possible 1-year work proce
Page 95 and 96: programme (Figure 1). Participants
Page 97 and 98: The active agents of the metropolis
Page 99 and 100: • active cross-sectoral communica
Page 101 and 102: Working with patterns is not a new
Page 103 and 104: shifts in deep understanding that a
Page 105 and 106: We are now approaching the end of t
Page 107 and 108: The Open Innovation Lab: innovation
Page 109 and 110: References [1] http://www.fi-ppp.eu
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Open Innovation 2.0 Yearbook 2013 - European Commission - Europa

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