Spatial distribution of emissions to air - the SPREAD model

20
choice of methodology has been to distribute the FC according to the inventory
for regional heating by DEA for the fuels with the most similar
use pattern:
• Petroleum coke and LPG (fuel 110 and 303) are distributed as wood.
• Biogas and gas from waste tips (fuel 309 and 310) are distributed as
straw as they are all related to agriculture.
• Bio oil and kerosene (fuel 215 and 206) are distributed as gas oil.
• Brown coal briquettes (fuel 106) are distributed as oven coke as no
distribution key can be made for brown coal briquettes as the FC was
0 in 2005 in the Regional Inventory.
Table 3.2 gives a complete list of distribution keys for emissions from
area sources in the categories 01, 02 and 03 at SNAP 1 level.
Table 3.2 Distribution keys for all categories in SNAP 1 categories 01, 02 and 03.
SNAP* Fuel ** Distribution key Note
0101 All PS
0102 All PS
0103 All Refineries, evenly
0105 All Offshore installations, evenly
0201, 0202, 0203, 0301 102, 107, 111, 114, Regional Inventory of energy consumption for heating for
117, 204, 301 oil boilers, natural gas boilers and solid fuel installations
0201, 0202, 0203, 0301 203 Industrial areas
0201, 0202, 0203, 0301 110, 303 As fuel 111
0201, 0202, 0203, 0301 309, 310 As fuel 117
0201, 0202, 0203, 0301 215, 206 As fuel 204
0201, 0202, 0203, 0301 106 As fuel 107
0303 All Industrial areas Emissions without associated
fuel consumption
* A complete list of SNAP codes is given in Appendix B: List of SNAP codes and
corresponding NFR categories.
** A complete list of fuels is given in Appendix A: List of fuel codes.
To avoid errors in the data handling a number of checks are carried out
at different steps in the model. The checks cover units, null values and
sums.
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Figure 3.1 shows the spatial distribution of SO2 emissions from stationary
combustion, which is the aggregated result of the models for Large
Point Sources, Point Sources and Area Sources excluding LPS emissions
from industrial processes and mobile sources. Emissions are to a large
degree located on point sources (LPS and PS). To enhance areas with
large emissions the relevant grid cells are symbolised with circles, which
sizes represent the emission amounts. Notice that the enhanced grid cells
might cover more than one point source.