Spatial distribution of emissions to air - the SPREAD model

28
on route network created as straight lines between the airports. Emissions
from the remaining routes are added to the nine major routes using
the same distribution. The nine major routes accounts for 57 % of the total
fuel consumption for domestic cruise in 2008. The remaining 43 % include
other routes, mainly to Greenland and Faroe Islands and routes
performed by private/taxi flights.
The largest airport in Denmark is Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup (EKCH).
In the national inventory EKCH is treated as a Large Point Source (LPS),
both concerning LTO and cruise. In SPREAD domestic cruise from
EKCH is treated as an area source and distributed on the route network,
while emissions from LTO are located at the position of EKCH.
The same background data are used for calculation of emissions from
LTO. Emissions from domestic and international LTO at Copenhagen
Airport Kastrup are allocated on the site (point) included in the Danish
inventory system. The remaining emissions from LTO are distributed on
the nine major airports according to the airport areas given in KORT10
by the National Survey and Cadastre. LTO for the 10 major airports accounts
for 82 % of the national fuel consumption for LTO in 2008.
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The emissions from the national emission inventory for mobile sources
in Forestry, Industry as well as Household and gardening are distributed
according to land use maps in KORT10 by the National Survey and Cadastre.
The category “low settlements” are used as distribution key for
Household & gardening. Emissions from mobile sources in Agriculture
are distributed on the Danish agricultural area from the field block map.
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Emissions of NOx from other mobile sources (excluding road traffic) are
dominated by the major aviation and navigation routes and the railway
network (Figure 3.6). Also the military exercise areas are clear on the
map. Only very few and relatively small areas have no emissions from
other mobile sources. Emissions on the national sea territory occur because
emissions from navigation other than the major ferry routes are
distributed evenly on the national sea area. On land emissions are allocated
to areas of agriculture, forest, industry and low buildings, which
by far cover the major part of the Danish land area.