Spatial distribution of emissions to air - the SPREAD model

• Inland waterways, which covers pleasure crafts.
• Maritime activities, which covers national sea traffic (ferries) and national
fishing.
The six major ferry services Sjællands Odde - Aarhus, Sjællands Odde -
Ebeltoft, Kalundborg - Aarhus, Køge - Rønne, Kalundborg - Samsø and
Tårs – Spodsberg are treated separately and emissions are calculated according
to the number of trips, fuel consumption and engine information
for the ferries. The routes used for spatial distribution of the emissions
are straight lines between the harbours and the emissions are distributed
evenly on the routes. The major ferry services are shown in Figure 3.5.
Figure 3.5 Major ferry and flight routes used for distribution of emissions in SPREAD.
Emissions from the remaining ferries and other navigation are distributed
evenly on the Danish sea territory like the approach in the 2007 reporting
for CLRTAP (Jensen et al., 2008).
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Aviation is divided into three categories; Domestic LTO, International
LTO and domestic cruise. LTO refers to Landing and Take Off and is defined
as activities below 1000 m. Cruise refers to flights above 1000 m.
Emissions from domestic cruise are calculated separately for nine major
routes according to number of trips, fuel consumption and information
on the flights and planes. The methodology from the 2007 reporting for
CLRTAP has been applied in SPREAD (Jensen et al., 2008). The nine major
routes are defined as a straight line between Denmark’s largest airport
Copenhagen Airport Kastrup and the nine following airports; Aalborg,
Karup, Billund, Tirstrup, Rønne, Sønderborg, Odense, Esbjerg and
Copenhagen Airport Roskilde (Figure 3.5). The emissions are distributed
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