Spatial distribution of emissions to air - the SPREAD model

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48 6SDWLDO GLVWULEXWLRQ RI QDWLRQDO HPLVVLRQV A component in SPREAD combines all sub-models to get a distribution of the total Danish emissions. The pattern of the emissions depends on the pollutant, as different sources are dominant for different pollutants. In Figure 8.1, Figure 8.2 and Figure 8.3 the emissions of greenhouse gases in CO2 equivalents, of NMVOC and ofPM2.5 are shown. The pattern for emissions of greenhouse gases is more homogeneous than is the case for NMVOC and PM2.5. The more even distribution owe to two facts. First, agriculture is a major source of the greenhouse gases CH4 and N2O, which both have high global warming potentials (21 and 310, respectively) and thereby are weighted higher in CO2 equivalents than CO2. Second, energy consumption for power and heat production and transport are important sources of greenhouse gases emissions. Together these circumstances contribute to allocate emissions in all parts of Denmark. Figure 8.1 National emission of greenhouse gases in 2008. Emissions of NMVOC are far more concentrated in urban and industrial areas. Emissions from solvents and other product use and emissions from industrial processes are also important sources. Furthermore a number of point sources (LPS and PS) contribute with very large emissions.
Figure 8.2 National emission of NMVOC in 2008. Figure 8.3 National emission of PM2.5 in 2008. Wood combustion in residential plants is the main source of emission from particulate matter in Denmark. Other important sources are mobile sources, especially road transport, and agriculture, especially manure management. The national distribution of PM2.5 is relatively homogeneous according to the distribution of emissions from residential plants on municipality level. PM2.5 from mobile sources enhances the major roads (highways) and the military exercise areas. 49
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Spatial distribution of emissions to air - the SPREAD model

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