Spatial distribution of emissions to air - the SPREAD model

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For the sources Aviation and Navigation it will be considered if more
flight and ferry routes are to be handled separately to reduce the residual
emissions that are distributed on the major flight routes and on the Danish
sea territory, respectively.
The distribution of emissions from railways is distributed evenly on the
railway network in the present version of SPREAD. This part could be
improved by including further data on the rail activity or number of passengers
on different parts of the network, e.g. data on numbers of passenger
and goods trains between given stations from Statistics Denmark.
This improvement is considered very time consuming and the gains are
assumed to be relatively small for the model performance.
It will be considered whether the distribution would be improved if
emissions from national fishing were distributed on the major fishing
banks instead of on the national sea territory.
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Work will continue to try to get data on the natural gas distribution network
to improve the distribution. Also an updated list of service stations
will be included if it becomes available as the list used in the present
model is from 2001.
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It will be evaluated if a better distribution key for emissions from industrial
processes could be set up. For some industry categories a small
number of companies account for a large part of the emissions but are
not treated as LPS in the inventory database. If direct or estimated emissions
for some single companies become available this would be an improvement.
Even if emissions for single companies are not available
there could still be room for improvements in splitting up the emission
from a defined industry by an assumption of how much a number of major
companies make up of the total for the industry. Another approach is
to include employment statistics on municipality and industry from Statistics
Denmark. The employment statistics might be combined with the
industrial area at least for some industries.
For some industries it might be an improvement to use another distribution
key than the industrial area. This might be the case for e.g. the food
and drink industries as part of the emissions come from bakeries, which
are assumed to be situated more like the population than like the industrial
areas.
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The distribution of F-gas emissions could be improved by splitting the
emissions into categories, e.g. household and industries. It will be evaluated
if the necessary data is available.
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