Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

contextual factors that contribute to the occurrence of emotional abuse in
sport require further investigation. Future research is required on the
incidence and prevalence of emotional abuse and the various types of
emotionally abusive behaviours in sport. Additionally, it is authors’ assumption
that positive non-abusive coaching practices do exist in sport. Thus, as it was
suggested that emotionally abusive behaviours are often used as a means to
produce successful sport performance, research demonstrating the success
of non-abusive coaching methods is warranted.
Notes
1. Giovannoni, J., ‘Definitional issues in child maltreatment’, in: D. Cicchetti and V. Carlson
(eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child
abuse and neglect. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 3-37.
2. Crooks, C. V. and Wolfe, D. A., ‘Child abuse and neglect’, in: E.J. Mash and R.A. Barkley
(eds.), Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th Ed.). New York, Guilford Press, 2007.
3. Crooks, C. V. and Wolfe, D. A., ibid, p. 17.
4. Wachtel, A., The State of the Art in Child Abuse Prevention, 1997. Health Canada, 1999.
5. Brackenridge, C. H., ‘”He owned me basically…” Women’s experience of sexual abuse in
sport’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 1997, 32, 2, pp. 115-130.
6. Brackenridge, C. H., ‘Dangerous sports? Risk, responsibility and sex offending in sport’,
Journal of Sexual Aggression, 2003, 9, 1, pp. 3-12.
7. Brackenridge, C. H., ‘Women and children first? Child abuse and child protection in sport’,
Sport in Society, 2004, 7, 3, pp. 322-337.
8. Fasting, K. and Brackenridge, C. H., ‘The grooming process in sport: Case studies of
sexual harassment and abuse’, Auto/Biography, 2005, 13, 1, pp. 33-52.
9. Kirby, S. and Greaves, L., ‘Foul play: Sexual harassment in sport’, paper presented at the
Pre-Olympic Scientific Congress, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., July 11-15 th 1996.
10. Stirling, A. E. and Kerr, G. A., ’Elite female swimmers’ experiences of emotional abuse
across time’, Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2007, 7, 4, pp. 89-113.
11. Stirling, A. E. and Kerr, G. A., ‘Defining and categorizing emotional abuse in sport.
European Journal of Sport Science, 2008, 8, 4, pp. 173-181.
12. For more details on these studies, please refer to: Stirling, A. E. and Kerr, G. A., ‘Abused
athletes’ perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship’, Sport in Society, in press; Stirling, A.
E. and Kerr, G. A., 2008, ibid; Stirling, A. E. and Kerr, G. A., 2007, ibid.
13. Paavilainen, E. and Tarkka, M., ‘Definition and identification of child abuse by Finnish
public health nurses’, Public Health Nurses, 2003, 20, 1, pp. 49-55.
14. Iwaniec, D., ‘Identifying and dealing with emotional abuse and neglect’, Child Care in
Practice, 2003, 9, 1, pp. 49-61.
15. Porter, M. R., Antonishak, J. and Reppucci, N. D., ‘Policy and applied definitions of child
maltreatment’, in: Feerick, M. M., Knutson, J. F., Trickett, P. K. and Flanzer, S. (eds.) Child
Abuse and Neglect: Definitions, classifications, and a framework for research. Brooks
Publishing, 2006.
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