Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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Table 3.3 Perceptions (means, SD) and experiences (% that experienced the behaviour at least once) for each coach behaviour for KULeuven and VUBrussels students (Items are ranked according to the KULeuven students’ mean perceptions on the acceptability of the coaches’ behaviour) Coach behaviour Perceptions Experiences Your coach... Leuven Brussels Leuven Brussels (N=291) (N=144) (N=291) (N=144) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) % % 16. Proposes a sexual encounter, promising a reward in turn 56 4.97 (0.31) 4.69 (0.79)** 1.4% 1.4% 34. Touches your private parts or forces you to do so to someone else 4.95 (0.34) 4.62 (0.75)** 1.8% 2.8% 18. Shows you his/her private parts 8. Proposes sexual encounter and issues 4.95 (0.35) 4.71 (0.79)** 1.1% 2.8% threats for rejection 4.95 (0.41) 4.76 (0.79)* 1.8% 1.4% 5. Is staring at you during showering 20. Kisses you or embraces you with a sexual 4.71 (0.70) 4.30 (1.01)** 3.9% 6.9% undertone 4.66 (0.63) 3.75 (0.87)** 3.5% 7.1% 37. Kisses you on your mouth 10. Showers with you and the other members of 4.65 (0.67) 4.24 (0.91)** 3.6% 2.8% the team 4.46 (1.03) 3.79 (1.29)** 5.3% 9.1% 17. Makes a sexual remark about you 25. Gives massage on the front side of your 4.20 (0.81) 3.47 (0.90)** 11.4% 21.8%* body 4.05 (1.08) 3.34 (1.08)** 5.0% 7.7% 31. Is staring at your breasts/your buttocks/your pubic area 4.02 (0.90) 3.31 (0.85)** 15.0% 20.6% 30. Asks you out on your personal sex life, private sexual matters 4.01 (0.93) 3.42 (0.88)** 9.2% 12.7% 38. Touches you unnecessarily, deliberately (not instruction related) 3.99 (0.99) 3.47 (0.87)** 13.6% 12.7% 40. Has an intimate relationship with an athlete below 18 years of age 3.97 (1.23) 3.93 (1.04) 7.9% 3.5% 6. Gives you a (romantic) present 3.93 (1.00) 3.51 (1.00)** 4.9% 9.8% 14. Is flirting with you and/or others in your team 33. Comes into your locker room before the 3.91 (1.01) 3.35 (0.98)** 19.5% 28.5%* time 3.72 (1.07) 3.31 (0.89)** 13.9% 21.3% 35. Calls you by a pet name (e.g. 'honey') 3.48 (1.11) 2.79 (0.86)** 19.6% 31.2%* 56
Coach behaviour Perceptions Experiences Your coach... Leuven Brussels Leuven Brussels (N=291) (N=144) (N=291) (N=144) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) % % 26. Sleeps in your room during tournaments 3.39 (1.24) 2.95 (1.10)** 36. Asks you about your menstruation 3.30 (1.26) 2.66 (0.96)** 16.4% 23.2% 27. Is telling dirty jokes or stories 39. Calls you at home for non-sport related 3.33 (1.03) 3.05 (0.81)* 13.9% 14.1% matters 3.26 (1.23) 2.79 (0.90)** 14.6% 19.9% 28. Invites you to the movies, dinner ... 24. Gives massage on the back side of your body 9. Becomes a second family (surrogate parent) 21. Compliments or makes a comment about your figure 13. Invites you home under pretext of sport matters 4. Comments on your physical appearance 22. Makes a sexist joke 15. Shows more attention to an individual athlete (instruction related) 32. Compliments your clothing 41. Has an intimate relationship with an athlete above 18 years of age 3. Makes stereotypical/derogatory remarks on men and women 2. Stands/sits close to you while giving instruction 1. Gives you a lift in his car 7.1% 57 8.6% 3.18 (1.13) 2.79 (0.96)** 13.1% 18.3% 3.18 (1.27) 2.61 (1.02)** 17.7% 27.5%* 3.08 (1.11) 2.71 (0.93)** 17.8% 21.7% 2.99 (1.07) 2.43 (0.75)** 42.0% 54.9%* 2.90 (1.29) 2.94 (0.99) 16.7% 15.3% 2.73 (0.98) 2.54 (0.86)* 46.8% 57.6%* 2.56 (1.07) 2.31 (0.69)* 46.8% 47.2% 2.46 (1.10) 2.33 (0.71) 65.0% 70.4% 2.35 (0.99) 2.11 (0.70)* 37.9% 52.1%* 2.35 (1.26) 2.39 (0.95) 19.8% 19.1% 2.28 (0.84) 2.29 (0.76) 58.7% 65.3% 1.37 (0.60) 1.67 (0.59)** 87.8% 81.3% 1.10 (0.39) 1.21 (0.44)* 79.8% 76.4% *p < .05; **p < .05/35 = .0014 (after correction) –> Significant differences between the two groups as result from t-test (perception) or χ 2 (experience) 57
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Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AN
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It was in the middle of these early
Page 5 and 6: more likely to be harassed and/or a
Page 7 and 8: The survey revealed a considerable
Page 9 and 10: 8. Kirby, S.L. and Greaves, L. ‘F
Page 11 and 12: Research clearly indicates that rel
Page 13 and 14: performance. Items thrown by the co
Page 15 and 16: High Low Figure 3.1 Athletes’ exp
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Sexual harassment and abuse in
Page 19 and 20: variables:1) formation of the sport
Page 21 and 22: een harassed and abused by a coach.
Page 23 and 24: The results show that 30% of the st
Page 25 and 26: 3.4 Sexual abuse of athletes in org
Page 27 and 28: conversely, to present the perpetra
Page 29 and 30: staff or volunteers who were not as
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Sexual harassment and abuse in
Page 33 and 34: automatically mean that he/she will
Page 35 and 36: councilors of NOC*NSF. Solid resear
Page 37 and 38: non-aggressors. Such variables are
Page 39 and 40: 3.6 Risks and opportunities for sex
Page 41 and 42: under the three major headings of
Page 43 and 44: These findings indicated that clubs
Page 45 and 46: Whilst 8% of sports clubs knew of s
Page 47 and 48: 3.7 Sexual harassment among female
Page 49 and 50: slapped on the face, head or ears b
Page 51 and 52: When I was not getting as good achi
Page 53 and 54: 3.8 Unwanted sexual experiences in
Page 55: 18-21 years old). The VUBrussels sa
Page 59 and 60: However, KULeuven students’ perce
Page 61 and 62: 7. Leahy, T., Pretty, G., and Tenen
Page 63 and 64: Nineteen male swimming coaches part
Page 65 and 66: this study. 14 It is important to n
Page 67 and 68: Finally, it is important to note th
Page 69 and 70: 3.10 What price gold medals? An inv
Page 71 and 72: The research that supported and und
Page 73 and 74: symptoms. Lastly, this will only oc
Page 75 and 76: The results from this study may lea
Page 77: i NIF, Årsrapport 2006 - Norges Id
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Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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