Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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children’s’ experiences and reactions to and the consequences of violence in different sporting settings. Notes 1. NIF, Årsrapport 2006 – Norges Idrettsforbund og Olympiske Komitè, The Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, 2007. 2. The project was carried out by Professor Kari Fasting, in cooperation with Professors Celia Brackenridge and Jorunn Sundgot Borgen. 3, Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C.H. and Sundgot Borgen, J., The Norwegian Women Project – Females, Elite Sports and Sexual Harassment, The Norwegian Olympic and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, 2000. 4. XXXX, ’Sexual harassment and eating disorders in female elite athletes: A controlled study’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2003, 13, 5, pp. xxx. 5. Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C.H. and Sundgot Borgen, J., ‘Prevalence of sexual harassment among Norwegian female elite athletes in relation to sport type’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2004, 39, 4, pp.XXX. 6. Fasting, K., et al., ‘Sexual harassment in and outside sport. Forms of sexual harassment experienced by female athletes and non-athletes’, International Journal of Psychology, [??] 2000, 35, 3/4, pp. XXX. 7. Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C.H. and Walseth, K., ’Women athletes’ personal responses to sexual harassment in sport’, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2007, 19, 4, pp. XXXX. 8. Fasting, Kari, et al., ’Consequences of sexual harassment in sport’, Journal of Sexual Aggression, 2002, 8, 2, pp. xxxx. 9. This project is chaired by Kari Fasting in cooperation with Nada Knorre and Stiliani Chroni. 10. Fasting, K., et al., ’The Experiences of male sexual harassment among female sport students in the Czech Republic, Greece and Norway, paper presented at the FEPSAC 12 th European Congress of Sport Psychology, 4-9 th September, 2007. 11. Chroni, S, et al., ‘Forms of sexual harassment experienced by female sport students in the Czech Republic, Greece and Norway’, paper presented at the FEPSAC 12 th European Congress of Sport Psychology, 4-9 th September, 2007. 12. Sand, T.S., et al., ’Authoritarian coaching behaviour and experiences of sexual harassment among sport students in three different European countries’, paper presented at the FEPSAC 12 th European Congress of Sport Psychology, 4-9 th September, 2007. 24
3.4 Sexual abuse of athletes in organised competitive sport in Australia Trisha Leahy Background Studies from around the world 1 - 3 , have consistently documented the occurrence of sexual abuse in sport. This chapter presents a brief summary of a study assessing the occurrence and long-term traumatic impact of childhood sexual abuse of athletes in the competitive sport system in Australia. Research design The study was based on a number of surveys, distributed to both elite and club level athletes, males and females. An age-based matched control group was also included. A sub-sample from the larger group comprising 90 (45 men and 45 women) athletes, was purposefully selected to balance the distributions of male and female participants and reported childhood sexual abuse across the sample. Using a cross-sectional, retrospective investigation, standardised, self-report questionnaires and a semi-structured interview, Sexual abuse was defined as any sexual activity between an adult and a child (under 18 years old) regardless of whether there is deception or whether the child understands the sexual nature of the activity. This includes sexual contact that is accomplished by force or the threat of force, regardless of the age of the victim or perpetrator. Sexual abuse may include noncontact (e.g. exhibitionism, involving a child in sexually explicit conversation, engaging a child in pornographic photography), contact (sexual touching, masturbation), and penetrative (oral, vaginal, anal penetration) acts. Key findings Survey results from 370 elite (national representatives) and club (regional representatives), male and female athletes, revealed that 31% of female athletes and 21% of male athletes reported having experienced sexual abuse before the age of 18. 4 Environment specific sexual abuse rates were particularly high with 41% of the sexually abused female athletes and 29% of the sexually abused male athletes indicating that the abuse was perpetrated 25
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Page 41 and 42: under the three major headings of
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Page 45 and 46: Whilst 8% of sports clubs knew of s
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Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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