Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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4. Brackenridge, C.H., Ibid. 5. Mortensen, M., Idræt som kommunal velfærd, Mentalitet, velfærd og idrætspolitik i København, Ballerup og Skive 1870-1970 (Sport as public welfare, Mentality, Welfare and sports policy of Copenhagen, Ballerup and Skive 1870-1970), Ph.d., Institut for Idræt (Institute of Sport Sciences), Københavns Universitet (University of Copenhagen), 2004. 6. Jørgensen, P., Ikke at more, men at opdrage (not to amuse but to bring up) in I. Sørensen and P. Jørgense., (Eds.) Een time dagligen – skoleidræt gennem 200 år (One hour a day – school sport through 200 years), Odense Universitetsforlag, 2000. 7. A total of approximately 6,500 sport clubs offer sports for children, statistics supplied by the National sport Confederation (Danmarks Idræts-Forbund). 8. Certification called “Et godt idrætsmiljø for born” (a good sport environment for children), made by the National sport Confederation of Denmark (Danmarks Idræts-Forbund) in the period 1998-2003. 9. The criminal record checks that are available for sport clubs only cover sexual offences committed against children less than 15 years of age. 46
3.7 Sexual harassment among female athletes in the Czech Republic Kari Fasting, Trine Thoresen and Nadia Knorre Background In this chapter we will present results extracted from a larger study of female athletes in the Czech Republic. Since the gender order in a society may influence women’s participation and experiences in sport, in this introduction we will present some statistics about the gender order in Czech Republic as well as some of their legislation concerning equal rights and sexual harassment. We think it is important that the results of the study are interpreted and understood relative to this information. The Czech Republic of today is a very young state, founded in 1993. From 1948 until ‘the velvet revolution’ in 1989 it was a totalitarian communist state under the Soviet Union. In this period the emancipation of women became a part of the political doctrine. This is perhaps the most significant reason why many people today do not feel the urge to pursue equal opportunities for girls and women. Research shows conclusively that women and men do not have equal opportunities either in sport or in society at large, yet still many believe that the opportunities are equal. For example, the unemployment rate among women is 40% higher than among men, and women’s’ salaries average only 73% of men’s, in spite of the fact that women have as much education as men. 1The representation of women in the Czech Parliament is only 17% and in the higher levels of government it is no more than 12%. These statistics are much lower than most European countries, and the gender distribution in leadership in politics is naturally also mirrored in the sport organizations. Only 8% of the members in the executive committees in the different Czech sport federations are women. 2 In the Czech Republic, protection against discrimination based on sex is provided by various laws, but a specific gender equity law is not yet in place. 3 In 2004, however, an amendment to the labour code took legal effect. This new amendment states that sexual harassment in the workplace is illegal. It brings the Labour Code into line with that of other EU nations. Every year between 30 and 40 children in the Czech Republic die because of physical violence. Violence against women is looked upon as a natural and common 47 47
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Page 3 and 4: It was in the middle of these early
Page 5 and 6: more likely to be harassed and/or a
Page 7 and 8: The survey revealed a considerable
Page 9 and 10: 8. Kirby, S.L. and Greaves, L. ‘F
Page 11 and 12: Research clearly indicates that rel
Page 13 and 14: performance. Items thrown by the co
Page 15 and 16: High Low Figure 3.1 Athletes’ exp
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Sexual harassment and abuse in
Page 19 and 20: variables:1) formation of the sport
Page 21 and 22: een harassed and abused by a coach.
Page 23 and 24: The results show that 30% of the st
Page 25 and 26: 3.4 Sexual abuse of athletes in org
Page 27 and 28: conversely, to present the perpetra
Page 29 and 30: staff or volunteers who were not as
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Sexual harassment and abuse in
Page 33 and 34: automatically mean that he/she will
Page 35 and 36: councilors of NOC*NSF. Solid resear
Page 37 and 38: non-aggressors. Such variables are
Page 39 and 40: 3.6 Risks and opportunities for sex
Page 41 and 42: under the three major headings of
Page 43 and 44: These findings indicated that clubs
Page 45: Whilst 8% of sports clubs knew of s
Page 49 and 50: slapped on the face, head or ears b
Page 51 and 52: When I was not getting as good achi
Page 53 and 54: 3.8 Unwanted sexual experiences in
Page 55 and 56: 18-21 years old). The VUBrussels sa
Page 57 and 58: Coach behaviour Perceptions Experie
Page 59 and 60: However, KULeuven students’ perce
Page 61 and 62: 7. Leahy, T., Pretty, G., and Tenen
Page 63 and 64: Nineteen male swimming coaches part
Page 65 and 66: this study. 14 It is important to n
Page 67 and 68: Finally, it is important to note th
Page 69 and 70: 3.10 What price gold medals? An inv
Page 71 and 72: The research that supported and und
Page 73 and 74: symptoms. Lastly, this will only oc
Page 75 and 76: The results from this study may lea
Page 77: i NIF, Årsrapport 2006 - Norges Id

Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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