Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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Table 3.4 Experiences per category (% who experienced at least one behaviour in the category) for the two groups for categories made according to the perceptions of KULeuven Students and the Perceptions of VUBrussels Students (The cut-off mean scores to differentiate between the categories were 4.5, 3.5 and 2.5) Categories Experience Categories according to the perceptions of KULeuven students Very serious and unacceptable Items: 16, 34, 18, 8, 20, 5, 37 Serious and unacceptable Items: 10, 17, 31, 38, 25, 40, 30, 14, 6, 33 Unacceptable but not serious Items: 35, 26, 27, 24, 36, 39, 28, 9, 21, 13, 4, 22 Acceptable behaviour Items: 15, 32, 3, 41, 2, 1 Categories according to the perceptions of VUBrussels students Very serious and unacceptable Items: 8, 18, 16, 34 Serious and unacceptable Items: 5, 37, 40, 10, 20 Unacceptable but not serious Items: 25, 17, 31, 30, 38, 6, 14, 33, 35, 26, 36, 27, 28, 24, 9, 13, 4 Acceptable behaviour Items: 21, 22, 15, 32, 41, 3, 2, 1 * Result (2-sided) from χ 2 between the two groups Leuven (N = 291) Brussels (N = 144) P* 7.9% 13.7% .080 44.2% 50.4% .252 74.8% 83.2% .061 98.9% 98.6% 1.000 2.1% 4.9% .139 17.2% 19.6% .589 72.7% 81.1% .084 98.9% 98.6% 1.000 58 58
However, KULeuven students’ perception scores differed significantly from those of VUBrussels students on all but four items. VUBrussels students systematically perceived the same coach behaviours as less unacceptable when compared with KULeuven students. Because we wanted to go beyond item level and get a more comprehensive view on the reported prevalence of unwanted sexual behaviour we took into account the grouping of the items according to the differences in perceptions between both universities. Table 3.4 reveals that KULeuven students perceived more behaviours as serious and unacceptable than did VUBrussels students. The latter perceived more coach behaviours to be in the unacceptable but not serious zone. We then assessed whether the grouping of the items according to the same cut-off scores in both universities revealed other frequencies of experiences. It was found that the more stringent perceptions of KULeuven students on the unacceptability of coach behaviour as the norm resulted in a higher reported prevalence of very serious and unacceptable behaviour (7.9% in KULeuven and 13.7% in VUBrussels) and of unacceptable but less serious behaviour (44.2% in KULeuven and 50.4% in VUBrussels) than when the more liberal perceptions of VUBrussels students was the norm. Using more tolerant VUBrussels norms, very serious and unacceptable behaviour was reported only by 2.1% of the KULeuven students and 4.9% of the VUBrussels students. Serious and unacceptable behaviour was reported by 17.2% of the KULeuven students and 19.6% of the VUBrussels students (Table 3.4). Reflections 59 59
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Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AN
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It was in the middle of these early
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more likely to be harassed and/or a
Page 7 and 8: The survey revealed a considerable
Page 9 and 10: 8. Kirby, S.L. and Greaves, L. ‘F
Page 11 and 12: Research clearly indicates that rel
Page 13 and 14: performance. Items thrown by the co
Page 15 and 16: High Low Figure 3.1 Athletes’ exp
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Sexual harassment and abuse in
Page 19 and 20: variables:1) formation of the sport
Page 21 and 22: een harassed and abused by a coach.
Page 23 and 24: The results show that 30% of the st
Page 25 and 26: 3.4 Sexual abuse of athletes in org
Page 27 and 28: conversely, to present the perpetra
Page 29 and 30: staff or volunteers who were not as
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Sexual harassment and abuse in
Page 33 and 34: automatically mean that he/she will
Page 35 and 36: councilors of NOC*NSF. Solid resear
Page 37 and 38: non-aggressors. Such variables are
Page 39 and 40: 3.6 Risks and opportunities for sex
Page 41 and 42: under the three major headings of
Page 43 and 44: These findings indicated that clubs
Page 45 and 46: Whilst 8% of sports clubs knew of s
Page 47 and 48: 3.7 Sexual harassment among female
Page 49 and 50: slapped on the face, head or ears b
Page 51 and 52: When I was not getting as good achi
Page 53 and 54: 3.8 Unwanted sexual experiences in
Page 55 and 56: 18-21 years old). The VUBrussels sa
Page 57: Coach behaviour Perceptions Experie
Page 61 and 62: 7. Leahy, T., Pretty, G., and Tenen
Page 63 and 64: Nineteen male swimming coaches part
Page 65 and 66: this study. 14 It is important to n
Page 67 and 68: Finally, it is important to note th
Page 69 and 70: 3.10 What price gold medals? An inv
Page 71 and 72: The research that supported and und
Page 73 and 74: symptoms. Lastly, this will only oc
Page 75 and 76: The results from this study may lea
Page 77: i NIF, Årsrapport 2006 - Norges Id
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Part 3 GLOBAL ISSUES: HARASSMENT AND ABUSE RESEARCH

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