manufacture, processing and use of stainless steel - International ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Bonde JP, Ernst E. Sex hormones and semen quality in welders exposed to hexavalent chromium. Human Exp Toxicol 1992 11 (4): 259-263. Bonde JPE, Olsen JH, Hansen KS. Adverse pregnancy outcome and childhood malignancy with reference to paternal welding exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 1992 18 (3): 169-177. Bonde JP, Vittinghus E. Urinary excretion of proteins among welders. Human Exp Toxicol 1996 15: 1-4. Bourgain P, Giauque M. Stainless steel standards. In: Lacombe P, Baroux B, Beranger G (eds) Stainless Steels. Les Editions de Physique Les Ulis, France. 1993. 939-968. British Standards Institution (BSI). Stainless steels. Part 1. List of stainless steels. BS EN 10088-1: 1995. Brun R. Nickel in food: the role of stainless steel utensils. Contact Derm 1979 5 (1): 43-45. Cornell RG. Mortality patterns among stainless steel workers. In: Sunderman FW et al. (eds) Nickel in the Human Environment. IARC Scientific Publication No. 53; 1984: 65-71. Cramers M, Lucht U. Metal sensitivity in patients treated for tibial fractures with plates of stainless steel. Acta Orthop Scand 1977 48 (3): 245-249. Cross HJ, Faux SP, Sadhra S, Sorohan T, Levy LS, Braithwaite R, et al. Criteria document for hexavalent chromium. International Chromium Development Association; 1997. Danielsen TE, Langård S, Andersen A. Incidence of cancer among Norwegian boiler welders. Occup Environ Med 1996 53: 231-234. Department of Health. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom: report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. London: The Stationery Office, 1991. de Raat WK, Bakker GL. Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by fume particles from various welding processes. Ann Occup Hyg 1988 32 (2): 191- 202. Dymond AM, Kaechele LE, Jurist JM, Crandall PH. Brain tissue reaction to some chronically implanted metals. J Neurosurg 1970 33 (5): 574-580. Eichhorn F, Oldenburg T. Welding fumes emitted during welding of high-alloyed materials - evaluation of amount, chemical composition and morphology, including the influence of welding parameters. In: Stern RM, Berlin A, Fletcher AC, Järvisalo J (eds) Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam. 1986: 51-54. Elias Z, Mur JM, Pierre F, Gilgenkrantz S, Schneider O, Baruthio F et al. Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of welders and characterization of their exposure by biological samples analysis. J Occup Med 1989 31 (5): 477-483. Emmerling G, Zschiesche W, Schaller KH, Weltle D. Occupational medical investigations of stress and strain in welders of stainless steel. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Praeventivmed 1989 24 (11): 251-254. 115
Escales F, Galante J, Rostoker W. Biocompatibility of materials for total joint replacement. J Biomed Mater Res 1976 10 (2): 175-195. Estlander T, Kanerva L, Tupasela O, Keskinen H, Jolanki R. Immediate and delayed allergy to nickel with contact urticaria, rhinitis, asthma and contact dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 1993 23: 306-310. European Council Directive 67/548/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities, Number 196; 1967. European Council Directive 88/379/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities, Number L187/14; 1988. European Council Directive 92/32/EC. Official Journal of the European Communities, Number L154; 1992. European Parliament and Council Directive 94/27/EC. Official Journal of the European Communities, Number L188/1; 1994. Fine PG, Karwande SV. Sternal wire induced persistent chest pain: a possible hypersensitivity reaction. Ann Thorac Surg 1990 49 (1): 135-136. Fischer T, Fregert S, Gruvberger B, Rystedt I. Nickel release from ear piercing kits and earrings. Contact Derm 1984 10 (1): 39-41. Fisher AA. Sensitization to nickel from stainless steel ear piercing kits. Contact Derm 1994 30 (2): 126-127. Fisher JR, Rosenblum GA, Thomson BD. Asthma induced by nickel. JAMA 1982 248 (9): 1065-1066. [letter] Flint GN, Packirisamy S. Purity of food cooked in stainless steel utensils. Food Add Contam 1997 14 (2): 115-126. Froats JFK, Mason PJ, To JC. Worker exposure to welding fumes and gases during hydraulic plant turbine repair. In: Stern RM, Berlin A, Fletcher AC, Järvisalo J (eds) Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1986: 137-140. Gerin M, Fletcher AC, Gray C, Winkelmann R, Boffetta P, Simonato L. Development and use of a welding process exposure matrix in a historical prospective study of lung cancer risk in European welders. Int J Epidemiol 1993 22 (Suppl 2): 22-28. Gjerdet NR, Kallus T, Hensten Pettersen A. Tissue reactions to implanted orthodontic wires in rabbits. Acta Odontol Scand 1987 45 (3): 163-169. Grimsdottir MR, Gjerdet, NR, Hensten Pettersen A. Composition and in vitro corrosion of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthodont Dentofacial Orthop 1992 101 (6): 525-532. Gylseth B, Gundersen N, Langard S. Evaluation of chromium exposure based on a simplified method for urinary chromium determination. Scand J Work Environ Health 1977 3: 28-31. Hansen KS, Lauritsen JM, Skytthe A. Cancer incidence among mild steel and stainless steel welders and other metal workers. Am J Indust Med 1996 30: 373-382. 116
Page 1 and 2:
MANUFACTURE, PROCESSING AND USE OF
Page 3 and 4:
3.2 GRINDING OF STAINLESS STEEL ...
Page 5 and 6:
Within the review, each section is
Page 7 and 8:
Results from a single intra-muscula
Page 9 and 10:
studies are often based on small nu
Page 11 and 12:
The toxicological database for fume
Page 13 and 14:
PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PSD
Page 15 and 16:
Table 1.1 Identity of stainless ste
Page 17 and 18:
There are several different systems
Page 19 and 20:
method have been used in some of th
Page 21 and 22:
grade was tested, an austenitic sta
Page 23 and 24:
pick-up of nickel and chromium when
Page 25 and 26:
Human data Patch-testing studies Se
Page 27 and 28:
does not allow any conclusions to b
Page 29 and 30:
Schriver et al. (1976) reported a c
Page 31 and 32:
Other studies reviewed in this sect
Page 33 and 34:
Human data on the effects of prolon
Page 35 and 36:
Exposure to stainless steel powder
Page 37 and 38:
Prolonged exposure Information on t
Page 39 and 40:
In view of the chemical/physical pr
Page 41 and 42:
Figure 2.1 Production of stainless
Page 43 and 44:
Table 2.1 Manufacture of stainless
Page 45 and 46:
2.3 Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics i
Page 47 and 48:
survey, there was no evidence of an
Page 49 and 50:
The "exposure" variable used by the
Page 51 and 52:
Table 2.2 Epidemiological studies o
Page 53 and 54:
Consideration against classificatio
Page 55 and 56:
3 STAINLESS STEEL PROCESSING This s
Page 57 and 58:
Arc voltage or arc length Arc volta
Page 59 and 60:
3.1.2 Information on exposure Weldi
Page 61 and 62:
Reference Akesson & Skerfving (1985
Page 63 and 64:
Table 3.2 Elemental composition of
Page 65 and 66:
These levels decreased, although ch
Page 67 and 68:
treatment group and no effects were
Page 69 and 70:
esponses in terms of irritancy, fib
Page 71 and 72:
MMA/SS) at approximately 400 mg/m 3
Page 73 and 74:
Exposure measure 60 Welders a (n=52
Page 75 and 76:
was relatively heterogeneous. No de
Page 77 and 78: used included respiratory symptoms,
Page 79 and 80: Keskinen et al. (1980) reported on
Page 81 and 82: Positive results were reported with
Page 83 and 84: Welding method Electrode Base metal
Page 85 and 86: A significant increase in chromatid
Page 87 and 88: treated with MIG/SS fume. One lung
Page 89 and 90: The mortality experiences of the tw
Page 91 and 92: Moulin et al. 1993b Mortality was s
Page 93 and 94: Moulin 1997 A meta-analysis involvi
Page 95 and 96: Table 3.3. Epidemiological studies
Page 97 and 98: “are known, and in this study too
Page 99 and 100: Bonde et al. (1990) investigated fe
Page 101 and 102: out stainless steel welding in the
Page 103 and 104: contact. The available human data p
Page 105 and 106: Effects on reproduction No studies
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.4 Grinding of stainless ste
Page 109 and 110: Reference Process Work piece materi
Page 111 and 112: No deaths occurred in any treatment
Page 113 and 114: Human data No studies are available
Page 115 and 116: mg of dust per animal. In another t
Page 117 and 118: (Observed 8, Expected 4.7, SMR 170,
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.5 Epidemiological studies o
Page 121 and 122: Carcinogenicity The carcinogenicity
Page 123 and 124: Toxicokinetics and toxicity Informa
Page 125 and 126: 112 APPENDIX 1 22.7.94 Official Jou
Page 127: BBBBBBBBIIIIIIIIBBBBBBBBLLLLLLLLIII
Page 131 and 132: IARC. Monographs on the evaluation
Page 133 and 134: Malmqvist KG, Johansson GI, Bohgard
Page 135 and 136: Simonato L, Fletcher AC, Andersen A
Page 137 and 138: RRRRRRRREEEEEEEEFFFFFFFFEEEEEEEERRR
Page 139 and 140: Bondemark L, Kurol J, Wennberg A. O
Page 141 and 142: Furon D, Hilderbrand HF. Research i
Page 143 and 144: Hooftman RN, Arkesteyn CW, Roza P.
Page 145 and 146: Koshi K, Yagami T. Chromosomes of c
Page 147 and 148: Merritt K, Brown SA. Release of hex
Page 149 and 150: Pereira ML. Studies on the permeabi
Page 151 and 152: Stern RM . Detecting a possible inc
Page 153 and 154: Toyoshima M, Sato A, Taniguchi M, I
show all

manufacture, processing and use of stainless steel - International ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?