manufacture, processing and use of stainless steel - International ...

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Wolf C, Pirich C, Valic E, Waldhoer T. Pulmonary function and symptoms of welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997 69: 350-353. Wolf M. What should you know about nickel allergy? Steel Times August 1996: 265-266. Wong BA, Newton GJ, Obarski GE, Hoover MD. Aerosols from oxy acetylene gas cutting operations on metal plates: a laboratory study. Annual Report of the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, U.S. Department of Energy, Report No. LMF 91, 1981: 10-14. Wong O, Foliart D, Morgan RW. Critical evaluation of epidemiological studies of nickel exposed workers: final report. Environmental Health Associates, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 414, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA: 1983. Xulin S, Ito A, Tateishi T, Hoshino A. Fretting corrosion resistance and fretting corrosion product cytocompatibility of ferritic stainless steel. J Biomed Mat Res 1997 34: 9-14. Yeh HC, Carpenter RL, Cheng YS. Electrostatic charge of aerosol particles from a fluidized bed aerosol generator. J Aerosol Sci 1988 19 (1): 147-151. Yeh HC, Snipes MB, Brodbeck RD. Nose only exposure system for inhalation exposures of rodents to large particles. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 1987 48 (3): 247-251. Zober A, Weltle D. Cross sectional study of respiratory effects of arc welding. J Soc Occup Med 1985 35: 79-84. Zschiesche W, Wilhelm E, Zober A, Schaller KH, Weltle D et al. Manganese in stainless steel welding fumes. In: Stern RM et al (eds). Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases. Excerpta Medica Int Congress Series 676; 1986: 193-196. 141
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MANUFACTURE, PROCESSING AND USE OF
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3.2 GRINDING OF STAINLESS STEEL ...
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Within the review, each section is
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Results from a single intra-muscula
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studies are often based on small nu
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The toxicological database for fume
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PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PSD
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Table 1.1 Identity of stainless ste
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There are several different systems
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method have been used in some of th
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grade was tested, an austenitic sta
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pick-up of nickel and chromium when
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Human data Patch-testing studies Se
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does not allow any conclusions to b
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Schriver et al. (1976) reported a c
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Other studies reviewed in this sect
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Human data on the effects of prolon
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Exposure to stainless steel powder
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Prolonged exposure Information on t
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In view of the chemical/physical pr
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Figure 2.1 Production of stainless
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Table 2.1 Manufacture of stainless
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2.3 Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics i
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survey, there was no evidence of an
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The "exposure" variable used by the
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Table 2.2 Epidemiological studies o
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Consideration against classificatio
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3 STAINLESS STEEL PROCESSING This s
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Arc voltage or arc length Arc volta
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3.1.2 Information on exposure Weldi
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Reference Akesson & Skerfving (1985
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Table 3.2 Elemental composition of
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These levels decreased, although ch
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treatment group and no effects were
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esponses in terms of irritancy, fib
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MMA/SS) at approximately 400 mg/m 3
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Exposure measure 60 Welders a (n=52
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was relatively heterogeneous. No de
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used included respiratory symptoms,
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Keskinen et al. (1980) reported on
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Positive results were reported with
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Welding method Electrode Base metal
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A significant increase in chromatid
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treated with MIG/SS fume. One lung
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The mortality experiences of the tw
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Moulin et al. 1993b Mortality was s
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Moulin 1997 A meta-analysis involvi
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Table 3.3. Epidemiological studies
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“are known, and in this study too
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Bonde et al. (1990) investigated fe
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out stainless steel welding in the
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Page 105 and 106: Effects on reproduction No studies
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.4 Grinding of stainless ste
Page 109 and 110: Reference Process Work piece materi
Page 111 and 112: No deaths occurred in any treatment
Page 113 and 114: Human data No studies are available
Page 115 and 116: mg of dust per animal. In another t
Page 117 and 118: (Observed 8, Expected 4.7, SMR 170,
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.5 Epidemiological studies o
Page 121 and 122: Carcinogenicity The carcinogenicity
Page 123 and 124: Toxicokinetics and toxicity Informa
Page 125 and 126: 112 APPENDIX 1 22.7.94 Official Jou
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Page 129 and 130: Escales F, Galante J, Rostoker W. B
Page 131 and 132: IARC. Monographs on the evaluation
Page 133 and 134: Malmqvist KG, Johansson GI, Bohgard
Page 135 and 136: Simonato L, Fletcher AC, Andersen A
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Page 139 and 140: Bondemark L, Kurol J, Wennberg A. O
Page 141 and 142: Furon D, Hilderbrand HF. Research i
Page 143 and 144: Hooftman RN, Arkesteyn CW, Roza P.
Page 145 and 146: Koshi K, Yagami T. Chromosomes of c
Page 147 and 148: Merritt K, Brown SA. Release of hex
Page 149 and 150: Pereira ML. Studies on the permeabi
Page 151 and 152: Stern RM . Detecting a possible inc
Page 153: Toyoshima M, Sato A, Taniguchi M, I
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