manufacture, processing and use of stainless steel - International ...

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Reed LD, Lipscomb J. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 82 289 1496. Schlegel Corporation, Rochester, New York. Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, Report No. HETA 82-289-1496: 1984. Rossignol M, Seguin P, DeGuire L. Evaluation of the utility of spirometry in a regional public health screening program for workers exposed to welding fumes. J Occup Environ Med 1996 38 (12): 1259-1263. Rottner B. Lung cancer incidence at a special steel mill. Lakartidningen 1978 75 (20): 2022- 2023. Rycroft RJG, Calnan CD. Relapse of chromate dermatitis from sheet metal. Contact Derm 1977 3 (4): 177-180. Santodonato J, Bosch S, Meylan W, Becker J, Neal M. Monograph on human exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Nickel Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Syracuse Research Corporation, Syracuse, New York, Report no. SRC-TR-84-673: 1985. Sawatari K, Serita F. Determination of chromum speciation in fumes prepared by a plasma metal sprayer as a model of actual welding fumes. Indust Health 1986 24: 51-61. Schaller KH, Zober A, Weltle D, Valentin H. Kinetics of chromium in biological materials during one week of stainless steel welding. In: Stern RM et al (eds) Health Hazards and Biological Effects of Welding Fumes and Gases. Excerpta Medica Int Congress Series 676; 1986: 189-192. Sjögren B. Effects of gases and particles in welding and soldering. In: N Zenz, C (ed) Occupational Medicine: Principles and Practical Applications. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago 1988; 1053-1060. Sjögren B. Work environment problems in welding. 13. Relationship between air and urine concentrations of fluorides, chromium and nickel in welding. Arbetarskyddsverket, Solna, Sweden: 1981. Sjögren B. Respiratory disorders and biological monitoring among electric arc welders and brazers. Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Solna, Sweden: 1985. Sjögren B. A retrospective cohort study of mortality among stainless steel welders. Scand J Work Environ Health 1980 6 (3): 197-200. Sjögren B, Hansen KS, Kjuus H, Persson P G. Exposure to stainless steel welding fumes and lung cancer: a meta analysis. Occup Environ Med 1994 51 (5): 335-336. Sjögren B, Hedstrom L, Ulfvarson U. Urine chromium as an estimator of air exposure to stainless steel welding fumes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1983 51 (1): 347-354. Sjögren B, Hogstedt, C, Malker H. Chromium and asbestos as two probable risk factors in lung cancer among welders. J Occup Med 1982 24 (11): 874-875. Steenland K, Beaumont J, Elliot L. Lung cancer in mild steel welders. Am J Epidemiol 1991 133 (3): 220-229. 137
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MANUFACTURE, PROCESSING AND USE OF
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3.2 GRINDING OF STAINLESS STEEL ...
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Within the review, each section is
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Results from a single intra-muscula
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studies are often based on small nu
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The toxicological database for fume
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PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PSD
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Table 1.1 Identity of stainless ste
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There are several different systems
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method have been used in some of th
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grade was tested, an austenitic sta
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pick-up of nickel and chromium when
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Human data Patch-testing studies Se
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does not allow any conclusions to b
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Schriver et al. (1976) reported a c
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Other studies reviewed in this sect
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Human data on the effects of prolon
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Exposure to stainless steel powder
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Prolonged exposure Information on t
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In view of the chemical/physical pr
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Figure 2.1 Production of stainless
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Table 2.1 Manufacture of stainless
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2.3 Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics i
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survey, there was no evidence of an
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The "exposure" variable used by the
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Table 2.2 Epidemiological studies o
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Consideration against classificatio
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3 STAINLESS STEEL PROCESSING This s
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Arc voltage or arc length Arc volta
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3.1.2 Information on exposure Weldi
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Reference Akesson & Skerfving (1985
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Table 3.2 Elemental composition of
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These levels decreased, although ch
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treatment group and no effects were
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esponses in terms of irritancy, fib
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MMA/SS) at approximately 400 mg/m 3
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Exposure measure 60 Welders a (n=52
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was relatively heterogeneous. No de
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used included respiratory symptoms,
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Keskinen et al. (1980) reported on
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Positive results were reported with
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Welding method Electrode Base metal
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A significant increase in chromatid
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treated with MIG/SS fume. One lung
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The mortality experiences of the tw
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Moulin et al. 1993b Mortality was s
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Moulin 1997 A meta-analysis involvi
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Table 3.3. Epidemiological studies
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“are known, and in this study too
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Page 101 and 102: out stainless steel welding in the
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Page 105 and 106: Effects on reproduction No studies
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.4 Grinding of stainless ste
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Page 113 and 114: Human data No studies are available
Page 115 and 116: mg of dust per animal. In another t
Page 117 and 118: (Observed 8, Expected 4.7, SMR 170,
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.5 Epidemiological studies o
Page 121 and 122: Carcinogenicity The carcinogenicity
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Page 129 and 130: Escales F, Galante J, Rostoker W. B
Page 131 and 132: IARC. Monographs on the evaluation
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Page 139 and 140: Bondemark L, Kurol J, Wennberg A. O
Page 141 and 142: Furon D, Hilderbrand HF. Research i
Page 143 and 144: Hooftman RN, Arkesteyn CW, Roza P.
Page 145 and 146: Koshi K, Yagami T. Chromosomes of c
Page 147 and 148: Merritt K, Brown SA. Release of hex
Page 149: Pereira ML. Studies on the permeabi
Page 153 and 154: Toyoshima M, Sato A, Taniguchi M, I
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