manufacture, processing and use of stainless steel - International ...

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Wang ZP, Larsson K, Malmberg P, Sjogren B, Hallberg B O, Wrangskog K. Asthma, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness in welders. Am J Ind Med 1994 26 (6): 741-754. Welinder H, Littorin M, Gullberg B, Skerfving S. Elimination of chromium in urine after stainless steel welding. Scand J Work Environ Health 1983 9 (5): 397-403. White LR, Hunt J, Tetley TD, Richards RJ. Biochemical and cellular effects of welding fume particles in the rat lung. Ann Occup Hyg 1981 24 (1): 93-101. White LR, Hunt J, Richards RJ, Eik Nes KB. Biochemical studies of rat lung following exposure to potassium dichromate or chromium rich welding fume particles. Toxicol Lett 1982 11 (12): 159-163. Widström L, Bergstrom B, Wennerholm C. Nickel allergy and wrist strap to dissipate static electricity. Contact Derm 1986 15 (5): 299-301. Wilson JD, Stenzel MR, Lombardozzi KL, Nichlos CL. Monitoring personnel exposure to stainless steel welding fumes in confined spaces at a petrochemical plant. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1981 42 (6): 431-436. 123
RRRRRRRREEEEEEEEFFFFFFFFEEEEEEEERRRRRRRREEEEEEEENNNNNNNNCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEE LLLLLLLLIIIIIIIISSSSSSSSTTTTTTTT Aitio A,Tomatis L. On the carcinogenicity of nickel and chromium and their compounds. In: Aitio A, Aro A, Jarvisalo J, Vainio H (eds) Trace Elements in Health and Disease (Symposium Proceedings). Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England. 1991: 159-168. Akesson B, Hogstedt B, Skerfving S. Fever induced by fluorine containing lubricant on stainless steel tubes. Br J Ind Med 1980 37 (3): 307-309. Al Shamma KJ, Hewitt PJ, et al. The elimination and distribution of components of welding fumes from lung deposits in the guinea pig. Ann Occup Hyg 1979 22 (1): 33-41. Andersen JR, Menné T, Nielsen K, Rasmussen G, Valeur G, Yding F. Nickel allergy as related to corrosion by synthetic sweat. 10th Scandinavian Corrosion Congress, Stockholm. Report no. 882; 1986: 435-440. Angerer J, Lehnert G. Occupational chronic exposure to metals. II. Nickel exposure of stainless steel welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1990 62 (1): 7-10. Anon. Steel wire sutures and chemically induced rodent colonic tumours. Br J Surg 1987 74 (4): 333-334. Anon. Gas shielded arc welding Facts about fume. Review GM118e. AGA Gas Division, Marketing Department, 181 81 Lidingo, Sweden: 1978. Anon. Supplemental information: Cancer mortality in workers in the high nickel alloys industries (final report) with attachments and cover letter dated 04.16.92. CS: Univ Pittsburgh. EPA/OTS, Doc #89 920000090 Anon. Health hazard evaluation determination report no. 79 112 636. Stearns Roger Fabricators, Inc., Denver, Colorado. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 15, 1980 1979. Anon. Health hazard evaluation determination report no. 76 89 456. Chrysler Detroit Tank Plant, Warren Michigan, Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 21, 1982 1978 Anon. Inorganic nickel, metal and compounds backup data report no. 298. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 01, 1983 1979 Anon. Air pollution in the plasma cutting of steel, stainless steel and aluminium: Air pollution in the plasma ccutting of unalloyed steel (SF 7603), Air pollution in the plasma cutting of stainless steel and aluminium (SF 7703), Air pollution in association with manual plasma cutting (SF 7704). Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 10, 1982 1978 Anon. Acute eye irritation study in rabbits using PST stainless steel. (567) (Final report). EPA/OTS, Doc. #86 870000477; 1987 Anon. Acute oral administration in male rats PST stainless steel. (567) (Final report). EPA/OTS, Doc. #86 870000478; 1987 Anon. Historical prospective study of mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of European welders. Cahiers de Notes Documentaires. 4th quarter 1989 137: 631. 124
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MANUFACTURE, PROCESSING AND USE OF
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3.2 GRINDING OF STAINLESS STEEL ...
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Within the review, each section is
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Results from a single intra-muscula
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studies are often based on small nu
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The toxicological database for fume
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PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PSD
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Table 1.1 Identity of stainless ste
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There are several different systems
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method have been used in some of th
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grade was tested, an austenitic sta
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pick-up of nickel and chromium when
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Human data Patch-testing studies Se
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does not allow any conclusions to b
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Schriver et al. (1976) reported a c
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Other studies reviewed in this sect
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Human data on the effects of prolon
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Exposure to stainless steel powder
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Prolonged exposure Information on t
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In view of the chemical/physical pr
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Figure 2.1 Production of stainless
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Table 2.1 Manufacture of stainless
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2.3 Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics i
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survey, there was no evidence of an
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The "exposure" variable used by the
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Table 2.2 Epidemiological studies o
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Consideration against classificatio
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3 STAINLESS STEEL PROCESSING This s
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Arc voltage or arc length Arc volta
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3.1.2 Information on exposure Weldi
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Reference Akesson & Skerfving (1985
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Table 3.2 Elemental composition of
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These levels decreased, although ch
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treatment group and no effects were
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esponses in terms of irritancy, fib
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MMA/SS) at approximately 400 mg/m 3
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Exposure measure 60 Welders a (n=52
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was relatively heterogeneous. No de
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used included respiratory symptoms,
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Keskinen et al. (1980) reported on
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Positive results were reported with
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Welding method Electrode Base metal
Page 85 and 86: A significant increase in chromatid
Page 87 and 88: treated with MIG/SS fume. One lung
Page 89 and 90: The mortality experiences of the tw
Page 91 and 92: Moulin et al. 1993b Mortality was s
Page 93 and 94: Moulin 1997 A meta-analysis involvi
Page 95 and 96: Table 3.3. Epidemiological studies
Page 97 and 98: “are known, and in this study too
Page 99 and 100: Bonde et al. (1990) investigated fe
Page 101 and 102: out stainless steel welding in the
Page 103 and 104: contact. The available human data p
Page 105 and 106: Effects on reproduction No studies
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.4 Grinding of stainless ste
Page 109 and 110: Reference Process Work piece materi
Page 111 and 112: No deaths occurred in any treatment
Page 113 and 114: Human data No studies are available
Page 115 and 116: mg of dust per animal. In another t
Page 117 and 118: (Observed 8, Expected 4.7, SMR 170,
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.5 Epidemiological studies o
Page 121 and 122: Carcinogenicity The carcinogenicity
Page 123 and 124: Toxicokinetics and toxicity Informa
Page 125 and 126: 112 APPENDIX 1 22.7.94 Official Jou
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Page 129 and 130: Escales F, Galante J, Rostoker W. B
Page 131 and 132: IARC. Monographs on the evaluation
Page 133 and 134: Malmqvist KG, Johansson GI, Bohgard
Page 135: Simonato L, Fletcher AC, Andersen A
Page 139 and 140: Bondemark L, Kurol J, Wennberg A. O
Page 141 and 142: Furon D, Hilderbrand HF. Research i
Page 143 and 144: Hooftman RN, Arkesteyn CW, Roza P.
Page 145 and 146: Koshi K, Yagami T. Chromosomes of c
Page 147 and 148: Merritt K, Brown SA. Release of hex
Page 149 and 150: Pereira ML. Studies on the permeabi
Page 151 and 152: Stern RM . Detecting a possible inc
Page 153 and 154: Toyoshima M, Sato A, Taniguchi M, I
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