manufacture, processing and use of stainless steel - International ...

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Newton GJ, Hoover MD, Barr EB, Wong BA, Ritter PD. Collection and characterization of aerosols from metal cutting techniques typically used in decommissioning nuclear facilities. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 1987 48 (11): 922-932. Nieboer E. Occupational exposures to nickel. In: Nieboer E and Nriagu JO (eds) Nickel and Human Health: Current Perspectives. Adv Environ Sci Technol 25. Pub: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1992: 37-47. Nielsen NH, Menné T. Nickel sensitization and ear piercing in an unselected Danish population. Contact Derm 1993 29: 16-21. NIOSH. Criteria for a recommended standard: Welding, brazing, and thermal cutting. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA: 1988. O'Brien D, Froehlich P, Hall R. Walk through survey report no. CT-171-15a. Engineering Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1989. O'Brien D, Froehlich P, Hall R. Walk through survey report no. CT-171-17a. Engineering Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1989. O'Brien D, Froehlich PA, Gressel MG, Hall RM, Clark NJ, Bost P, Fischbach T. Silica exposure in hand grinding steel castings. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 1992 53 (1): 42-48. Oksanen L, Kalliomäki K, Kalliomäki PL, Huvinen M, Moilanen M. Estimation of individual exposure by magnetopneumography in stainless steel production. In: Aitio A et al. (eds) International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational and Environmental Health, 11-13 Sept 1996, Espoo, Finland. Finnish Inst Occup Health, Helsinki, 1996: 153- 154. Olsen J, Sabroe S, Lajer M. Welding and cancer of the larynx: a case control study. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1984 20 (5): 639-643. Ornhagen C, Nilsson JO, Vannevik H. Characterization of a nitrogen-rich austenitic stainless steel used for osteosynthetic devices. J Biomed Mat Res 1996 31: 97-103. Otmane AB, Decaestecker AM, Hildebrand HF, Furon D, Martinez R. Phagocytosis and metabolization of welding fumes by guinea pig alveolar macrophages in culture. In: Nieboer E and Nriagu JO (eds) Nickel and Human Health: Current Perspectives. Adv Environ Sci Technol 25. Pub: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1992: 331-341. Park HY, Shearer TR. In vitro release of nickel and chromium from simulated orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod 1983 84: 156-159. Pasanen JT, Gustafsson TE, Kalliomäki P L, Tossavainen A, Jarvisalo JO. Cytotoxic effects of four types of welding fumes on macrophages in vitro: A comparative study. J Toxicol Environ Health 1986 18 (1): 143-152. Pascual A, Tsukayama DT, Wicklund BH, Bechtold JE, Merritt K, Peterson PK, Gustilo RB. The effect of stainless steel, cobalt, chromium, titanium alloy, and titanium on the respiratory burst activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Clin Orthop 1992 280: 281-288. Pedersen B, Thomsen E, Stern RM. Some problems in sampling, analysis and evaluation of welding fumes containing Cr(VI). Ann Occup Hyg 1987 31 (3): 325-338. 135
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MANUFACTURE, PROCESSING AND USE OF
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3.2 GRINDING OF STAINLESS STEEL ...
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Within the review, each section is
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Results from a single intra-muscula
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studies are often based on small nu
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The toxicological database for fume
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PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PSD
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Table 1.1 Identity of stainless ste
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There are several different systems
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method have been used in some of th
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grade was tested, an austenitic sta
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pick-up of nickel and chromium when
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Human data Patch-testing studies Se
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does not allow any conclusions to b
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Schriver et al. (1976) reported a c
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Other studies reviewed in this sect
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Human data on the effects of prolon
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Exposure to stainless steel powder
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Prolonged exposure Information on t
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In view of the chemical/physical pr
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Figure 2.1 Production of stainless
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Table 2.1 Manufacture of stainless
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2.3 Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics i
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survey, there was no evidence of an
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The "exposure" variable used by the
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Table 2.2 Epidemiological studies o
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Consideration against classificatio
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3 STAINLESS STEEL PROCESSING This s
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Arc voltage or arc length Arc volta
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3.1.2 Information on exposure Weldi
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Reference Akesson & Skerfving (1985
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Table 3.2 Elemental composition of
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These levels decreased, although ch
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treatment group and no effects were
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esponses in terms of irritancy, fib
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MMA/SS) at approximately 400 mg/m 3
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Exposure measure 60 Welders a (n=52
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was relatively heterogeneous. No de
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used included respiratory symptoms,
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Keskinen et al. (1980) reported on
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Positive results were reported with
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Welding method Electrode Base metal
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A significant increase in chromatid
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treated with MIG/SS fume. One lung
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The mortality experiences of the tw
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Moulin et al. 1993b Mortality was s
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Moulin 1997 A meta-analysis involvi
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Table 3.3. Epidemiological studies
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Page 101 and 102: out stainless steel welding in the
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Page 105 and 106: Effects on reproduction No studies
Page 107 and 108: Table 3.4 Grinding of stainless ste
Page 109 and 110: Reference Process Work piece materi
Page 111 and 112: No deaths occurred in any treatment
Page 113 and 114: Human data No studies are available
Page 115 and 116: mg of dust per animal. In another t
Page 117 and 118: (Observed 8, Expected 4.7, SMR 170,
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.5 Epidemiological studies o
Page 121 and 122: Carcinogenicity The carcinogenicity
Page 123 and 124: Toxicokinetics and toxicity Informa
Page 125 and 126: 112 APPENDIX 1 22.7.94 Official Jou
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Page 129 and 130: Escales F, Galante J, Rostoker W. B
Page 131 and 132: IARC. Monographs on the evaluation
Page 133 and 134: Malmqvist KG, Johansson GI, Bohgard
Page 135 and 136: Simonato L, Fletcher AC, Andersen A
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Page 139 and 140: Bondemark L, Kurol J, Wennberg A. O
Page 141 and 142: Furon D, Hilderbrand HF. Research i
Page 143 and 144: Hooftman RN, Arkesteyn CW, Roza P.
Page 145 and 146: Koshi K, Yagami T. Chromosomes of c
Page 147: Merritt K, Brown SA. Release of hex
Page 151 and 152: Stern RM . Detecting a possible inc
Page 153 and 154: Toyoshima M, Sato A, Taniguchi M, I
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