NeuLAND - FAIR

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processes in the universe, such as the properties of neutron stars and the synthesis of the heavy elements. R 3 B will constitute a unique setup to investigate these topics utilizing relativistic beams. The advantages of utilizing high-energy beams are many-fold. First, the production, separation, and identification of radioactive beams at high energies is very efficient due to the kinematical forward focussing and the possibility to use thick targets. Second, it also enables a clean separation of even heavy beams with masses A ≥ 200 due to the fact that ions are fully stripped, a pre-requisite for the magnetic analysis and separation of heavy ions. Similar arguments hold for the measurement of secondary reactions with these beams. R 3 B will be the first experiment which will allow a kinematically complete measurement of peripheral reactions with such heavy ion beams including the coincident detection and identification of the heavy residues as well as neutrons and photons. Other advantages of the high beam energy are related to the reaction mechanisms, which become simpler, permitting reliable model description, at higher beam energies. At high velocity, reactions can be accurately described by theory, nuclear-structure observables are less entangled with the reaction mechanism, and can thus be deduced more precisely. In this report we do not describe the complete R 3 B experimental setup with its instrumentation but we would like to refer the reader to the R 3 B Technical Proposal [R3B-05]. However, to understand the context, we briefly mention the development and construction status of the main components of the R 3 B setup, as shown in figure 1.1. Key instruments besides NeuLAND, are the photon and particle calorimeter CALIFA, the silicon tracker R 3 B-Si-TRACKER, and the super-conducting large-acceptance dipole R 3 B-GLAD. In addition, several charged-particle detectors are used for beam tracking, ∆E and time-of-flight measurements. The CALIFA detector consists of two parts, the forward end-cap and the barrel part. A Technical Design Report for the barrel part of CALIFA is being submitted in parallel to this report. Construction is foreseen to start in 2012. The Technical Design of the end-cap is still ongoing and will be finalized in 2013. The target recoil detector is being designed by a consortium of institutes from the UK under the leadership of Daresbury laboratory. The funds for the R&D and the final construction are secured by the UK funding agencies and the complete detector will be available for experiments in 2016. The construction of the superconducting dipole magnet has already started at CEA Saclay and the cold mass including the superconducting coils have been already assembled. The completion and delivery of the device is foreseen for the end of 2012. The magnet will then be installed in Cave C at the present GSI facility. The challenges of performing nuclear-structure and reaction experiments at relativistic beam velocities are related to the high magnetic rigidity of the ions and the demands on the overall resolution of the detection system. The experiment has to resolve excitation energies in the 100 keV domain populated in a reaction with, e.g., a 132 Sn beam (1 AGeV) with a momentum of 220 GeV/c. The precursor experiment of R 3 B, the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI, on which the concept of R 3 B is based, does not have these capabilities. Although very successful during the past 20 years, the main limitations of 14
RIB from Super-FRS R 3 B-Si-TRACKER CALIFA R3B Start version 2016 Heavy fragments Protons R 3 B-GLAD NeuLAND Figure 1.1.: The R 3 B setup in its startup phase 2016 with its main components: the silicon tracker R 3 B-Si-TRACKER, the calorimeter CALIFA, the dipole magnet R 3 B-GLAD and the neutron time-of-flight spectrometer NeuLAND. the present setup are the limited magnetic rigidity, the limited resolution in momentum for fragments and neutrons, the lack of good resolution for γ-ray detection (mainly due to the Doppler broadening) and the limited capability to detect multi-neutron events. Here, NeuLAND will have a key role. A substantial improvement in resolution of about a factor of three compared to LAND will result in improved invariant-mass resolution, even with the higher beam energies up to approximately 1 AGeV. Complementary, lower beam energies and a large time-of-flight path for neutrons will enable high-resolution experiments for special cases. An excitation energy resolution down to below σ=20 keV (!) around the particle threshold will allow the investigation of narrow resonances as well as a precise determination of differential cross sections at low excitation energies relevant for the synthesis processes of elements in the universe. The unprecedented multi-neutron hit capability of the new design will be the basis for studying very neutron-rich nuclei, whose emission thresholds become low. Another highlight related to the multi-neutron detection capability is the study of the most neutron-rich systems – the unbound continuum states beyond the neutron dripline like, for instance, the bench mark cases 28 O 15
Page 1 and 2: FAIR/NUSTAR/R 3 B/TDR NeuLAND Techn
Page 3 and 4: Germany EMMI and FIAS: Enrico Fiori
Page 5 and 6: INR Moscow: Alexander Botvina Russi
Page 7 and 8: Contents Executive Summary 11 1. In
Page 9: B.7. MRPC Solution using Glass as C
Page 12 and 13: Apart from the excellent energy res
Page 16 and 17: decaying into 24 O plus 4 neutrons
Page 19 and 20: 2. Physics Scenarios: Requirements
Page 21 and 22: e studied at R 3 B at FAIR include
Page 23 and 24: all theoretical calculations predic
Page 25 and 26: at the surface of the nucleus. The
Page 27 and 28: the evolution of fission channels (
Page 29 and 30: 3. Summary of NeuLAND Prototype Res
Page 31 and 32: counts 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15 15
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.4.: Shown is the time reso
Page 35 and 36: 4. Monte Carlo Simulations Within t
Page 37 and 38: normalized counts normalized counts
Page 39 and 40: GEANT3 interface. Here, we compare
Page 41 and 42: Counts 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400
Page 43 and 44: counts 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 10 LAND
Page 45 and 46: incident neutron fully active detec
Page 47 and 48: investigated. Three values for the
Page 49 and 50: spectrum, absorption length, refrac
Page 51 and 52: Counts 600 500 400 300 200 100 with
Page 53 and 54: Since, as discussed above, several
Page 55 and 56: events 800 600 400 200 0 0 200 400
Page 57 and 58: clusters N 100 50 0 0 500 1000 1500
Page 59 and 60: In the following section we discuss
Page 61 and 62: events 15000 10000 5000 input outpu
Page 63 and 64: events 2000 1500 1000 500 σ = 15 k
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5. Technical Specifications and Des
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construction, or for subsequent rep
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positioning of 50 submodules mounti
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Figure 5.6.: Detector frame with fi
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5.4. Peripheral Systems 5.4.1. Read
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Figure 5.12.: The photo shows the T
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6. Radiation Environment and Safety
Page 81 and 82:
8. Calibration 8.1. Calibration wit
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Figure 8.3.: ToF distribution in 10
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Figure 8.4.: Event display for seve
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10. Installation procedure, its Tim
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11. Cost and Funding 11.1. Cost Est
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The timeline for milestone 1 includ
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96 2. Sample Tests Random samples o
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PNPI St. Petersburg: G.D. Alkhazov,
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HV 1.$ mm 2$ mm 0+$1-2)-2'.%/ 5%4'.
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Beamline Be exit window P 6 P 3 P 4
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B.3. Design Issues Addressed with 4
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Time [ns] Counts 41 40 39 2200 2000
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Efficiency 100 80 60 40 20 0 7.5 8
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200 AMeV, Erel = 100 keV emitted %
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B.7. MRPC Solution using Glass as C
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114
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[Bot-04] S. Botvina andI.N. Mishust
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[Lip-03] C. Lippmann, PhD Thesis, U
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NeuLAND - FAIR

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