Transmission Expansion Planning in Deregulated Power ... - tuprints

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2 Transmission Expansion Planning Approaches 12 investors to invest in transmission expansion and finding a fair mechanism for recovering the fixed costs is a problem in deregulated power systems [51], [58]. In order to use the existing transmission capacities optimally and postpone investment in new transmission facilities, congestion management is being increasingly used in deregulated environments [59]-[62]. Planner can reduce the risk of transmission expansion by developing hedges. Hedging is a technique for reducing risk by generating new alternatives [19], [59]. In fact hedges reduce the risk by reducing number or occurrence degree of the scenarios in which a plan is regrettable, or by reducing the regret of plans in adverse scenarios. The process of considering hedge in transmission expansion planning is described in the following steps [19]: • Measure the risk of each expansion plan. If there is a robust plan or the vulnerability is low, further effort is not needed. • Measure exposure, i.e. identify the scenarios in which the most robust plans are regrettable. • Identify hedging options. • Incorporate hedging options in the set of expansion plans and return to step 1. The process continues until finding a low risk plan. Transmission expansion planning in deregulated power systems can be classified in: • centralized, and • decentralized methods [19], [63]. In both methods it is assumed that transmission expansion planning is not coordinated with generation expansion planning. In centralized method transmission expansion decisions is made by a central entity e.g. independent system operator (ISO). In decentralized method transmission expansion can be made by different investors based on their estimation from rate of return on investment. A general overview of the transmission expansion planning schemes used in countries England & Wales, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Spain is presented in [63]. The comparison of the transmission expansion planning schemes is difficult since the characteristics of electric markets are different.
2 Transmission Expansion Planning Approaches 13 2.2 Problem Definition Although many approaches have been presented for transmission expansion planning under uncertainties, none of them considers both random and non-random uncertainties. Moreover they do not consider vagueness in transmission expansion planning. A few approaches have been presented for transmission expansion planning in deregulated environments. The presented approaches do not take into account all new objectives of transmission expansion planning. None of them tries to facilitate and promote competition by expansion planning. They do not consider the interests of all power system stakeholders in expansion planning. In [2] an approach is presented to consider the interests of power system stakeholders in transmission planning. The approach does not consider the competition which is one of the most important objectives of transmission expansion planning in deregulated power systems. In addition the approach is deterministic and does not consider uncertainties and vagueness. The main goal of this dissertation is to present a centralized static approach for transmission expansion planning in deregulated power systems. The presented approach must take into account all above mentioned stakeholders’ desires in transmission expansion planning. Planning desires have different degrees of importance from the viewpoint of different stakeholders. On the other hand, stakeholders have different weights of importance in decision making on transmission expansion. These must be taken into account in transmission planning by presented approach. The presented approach must also take into account all above mentioned random uncertainties, non-random uncertainties, and vagueness in transmission planning. Since the structures of deregulated power systems are different, a deregulated power system with specified structure must be considered as reference model. In this thesis, Pennsylvania - New Jersey - Maryland (PJM) power system is selected as the reference model [62], [64]. It is assumed that PDFs of all input variables which have random uncertainties are given for the peak load of planning horizon including: • PDF of load of each consumer, • PDF of bid of each generator and IPP, • PDF of maximum accessible power of each IPP, and • PDF of active power of each tie-line.
Page 1 and 2: Transmission Expansion Planning in
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements This work was star
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Resea
Page 7: Contents III 8.2.1 Fuzzy Regret and
Page 10 and 11: 1 Introduction 2 benefits. Consumer
Page 12 and 13: 2 Transmission Expansion Planning A
Page 24 and 25: 3 Probabilistic locational Marginal
Page 39 and 40: 4 Market Based Criteria The main ob
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Page 43 and 44: 4 Market Based Criteria 35 In the r
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Page 47 and 48: 4 Market Based Criteria 39 k 1 k µ
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5 Market Based Transmission Expansi
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6 Fuzzy Risk Assessment In chapter
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6 Fuzzy Risk Assessment 83 other sc
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6 Fuzzy Risk Assessment 85 6.4.1 Fu
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6 Fuzzy Risk Assessment 87 appropri
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6 Fuzzy Risk Assessment 89 plan 5-2
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7 Stakeholders’ Desires Restructu
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7 Stakeholders’ Desires 93 Flexib
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7 Stakeholders’ Desires 95 Table
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7 Stakeholders’ Desires 97 7.5 Ca
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7 Stakeholders’ Desires 99 63 11
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8 Transmission Expansion Planning U
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9 Conclusions The main goal of this
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9 Conclusions 111 of future scenari
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Appendix A: Examples on Scenario Te
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Appendix A: Examples on Scenario Te
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Appendix B: An Example on Decision
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Appendix B: An Example on Decision
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Appendix C: Examples for Locational
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Appendix D: An Example on Computing
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Symbols 126 F fuzzy appropriateness
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Symbols 128 µ mean of load at bus
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References [1] G. Latorre, R. D. Cr
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References 133 [25] H. Sun, and D.
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References 135 [53] H. Rudnick, R.
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Zusammenfassung Das Hauptziel diese
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Zusammenfassung 139 Übereinstimmun
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