Moose River Basin: geology and mineral potential - Geology Ontario

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Lignite and Industrial Mineral Resources greater amount of organic impurities than the white clays, are less likely to have been affected by post-depositional weathering than kaolinitic clays asso ciated with quartz sand. The latter kaolinitic clays may well be due entirely to post-depositional weathering of the feldspathic component of the sands. Under these circumstances individual beds of kaolinitic clay may result from minor washing and transport at surface or they may be due to vertical migration of fine clay particles through the sand and concentration at certain levels. The latter process is believed to have been responsible for beds with 92 to 93 percent kaolinite in residual deposits in North Carolina (U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. No.53,1913,p.l6). Silica Sand Weathering of rocks and transport of the weathered material leads to accu mulation of weathering-resistant particles. The accumulation may occur at the site of weathering or weathering-resistant particles may be washed away by rain or flood waters and selectively deposited downstream. If quartz is^the pre dominant weathering resistant mineral in the original rock, the resulting sedi ment is a nearly pure quartz sand. Quartz is a ubiquitous mineral. In granite the quartz content often ranges from 20-359fc (Hewitt 1972, p.57), and it is par ticularly abundant in rhyolites, granites, granite-gneisses and clastic sedi ments. Quartz, with formula SiO2 , hardness 7 (Moh's scale), and specific grav ity 2.65, lacks cleavage. Prolonged physical abrasion results in perfect rounding of the grains. Quartz is insoluble in acids except hydrofluoric acid. It is constant in composition and, by nature, of high purity. In source rocks quartz occurs in a wide range of grain sizes, from large bod ies measured in metres in pegmatites to the size of rock flour in the clay frac tion of sediments. Deposits of quartz sand are characterized by a specific grain size distribution corresponding to their origin. The effective grain size is occa sionally influenced by cementing of the sand grains. The cementation agent may be silica or carbonate. Silica cement permits the use of sandstone as a source of lump silica required for the manufacture of ferrosilicon. SILICA SAND - KAOLIN CLAY ASSOCIATION Unconsolidated quartz sands associated with kaolinitic clay are frequently of high purity ^29c impurities). The weathering process responsible for kao linization has simultaneously depleted the deposit of iron, magnesium, calci um, and alkalies, particularly in areas where kaolinization is complete. The major remaining source of impurities is a residue of heavy minerals, e.g. rutile, zircon, magnetite, staurolite. Heavier than quartz, some of these minerals have been incorporated in lighter grains or failed to respond to gravity separation over the distance of transport from the source rock. This distance is characteris tically short for material in a quartz sand - kaolinitic clay association. Size sorting of quartz grains is also a function of the distance of transport. 155
Moose River Basin TABLE 5.2 CANADA, AVAILABLE DATA ON CONSUMPTION OF SILICA, BY INDUSTRIES, 1975-76, (FROM PEARSE, 1977). 1975 1976 (tonnes) Smelter flux 1 l 496 165 l 328 677 Glass manufacture (incl. glass fibre) Foundry sand Refractory brick Artificial abrasives Fertilizer stock, poultry feed Chemicals Concrete products Gypsum products Other2 684 210 677 886 239 352 137 632 14 939 16 977 11 168 8 659 223 800 740427 577 455e 280 090e 143 895e 54 351 e 19 966 12 064 8 932 209 019 Total 3 510 818 3 373 876 Source: Statistics Canada for source data. Compiled by Mineral Policy Sector, Depart ment of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa. •^Producers' shipments of quartz and silica for flux purposes. o ^Includes asbestos products, ceramic products, soaps, frits and enamels, paper and paper products, roofing, silica brick and other minor uses. eEstimated. Consequently, a wide range of grain sizes is to be expected in deltaic deposits. Silica flour may be present as a result of disintegration of feldspar crystals with a fine intergrowth of silica or it may be a natural component of a clastic source rock. A wide range of grain sizes allows for development of glass-grade silica in conjunction with development and beneficiation of the kaolinitic clay compo nent Ȧnalyses of some samples of quartz sand-kaolinitic clay from McBrien Township, James Bay Lowlands were published by Smith and Murthy (1970, p. 807). Of 21 samples, 56.2 percent of the material was in the size range (-20 ± 140 mesh) of commercial glass sand. In this range, sizes were distributed as fol lows: Size Percentage + 20 mesh 0.8 -20 + 35 3.4 -35 ^ 45 5.9 -45 -H 60 27.5 -60 -l- 80 41.2 -80+100 13.2 -100+120 5.5 -120+140 1.2 -140 1.3 156
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THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS
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Ontario Geological Survey Study 21
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FOREWORD MOOSE RIVER BASIN The Meso
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CONVERSION FACTORS FOR MEASUREMENTS
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In order to maximise the use of sam
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Moose River Basin ABSTRACT The vast
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Moose River Basin the Paleozoic and
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Moose River Basin definitely whethe
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Moose River Basin the Onakawana are
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Moose River Basin Onakawana were di
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History of Geological Exploration f
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Moose River Basin mounted Acker dri
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Moose River Basin REFERENCES Aquita
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Moose River Basin Henley, T.J., and
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Moose River Basin Shawinigan Engine
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Moose River Basin 2.6-Log of drillh
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Moose River Basin Figure 2.1-Geolog
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Moose River Basin Drillhole Locatio
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Moose River Basin garni and Abitibi
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Moose River Basin quite irregular i
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Moose River Basin OGS10456 Photo 2.
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Moose River Basin OGS10458 Photo 2.
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Moose River Basin DEPTH METRES FEET
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Moose River Basin by Hamblin (this
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Moose River Basin DEPTH ELEVATION 9
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Moose River Basin sediments of the
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Moose River Basin vicinity of drill
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Moose River Basin Scintex Surveys L
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Moose River Basin 3.4-Hornblende-py
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Moose River Basin TABLE 3.1 SAND SA
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Moose River Basin The Missinaibi Ri
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Moose River Basin clay and sand of
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Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-02 S
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Moose River Basin PERCENTAGE 57 59
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Moose River Basin PERCENTAGE 20 30
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Moose River Basin clays, carbonate,
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Moose River Basin sin. Samples 185
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Moose River Basin blue-green hornbl
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^J- C 3 heavy minerals-amo assembla
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75-02 75-03 75 -05 75 -06 DEPTH LOG
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Moose River Basin dium coarse grain
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Moose River Basin sand with some gr
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Moose River Basin 101 - well sorted
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Moose River Basin APPENDIX B All mi
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Moose River Basin strong pleochrois
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Moose River Basin HEAVY MINERAL ANA
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Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-06 d
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Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-05 D
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Moose River Basin Telford, P.O., M.
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Moose River Basin ABSTRACT Disperse
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Moose River Basin floras from which
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Moose River Basin Erlansonisporites
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Moose River Basin Biretisporitespot
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Moose River Basin Cicatricosisporit
Page 114 and 115: Moose River Basin Cicatricosisporit
Page 116 and 117: Moose River Basin MOOSE RIVER BASIN
Page 118 and 119: Moose River Basin Plate 1. All figu
Page 120 and 121: Moose River Basin Plate 2. All figu
Page 122 and 123: Moose River Basin Plate 3 All figur
Page 124: Moose River Basin Plate 4 All figur
Page 127 and 128: 23 24 Mesozoic Palynology
Page 129 and 130: Mesozoic Palynology 10 fe. 11 12 13
Page 131 and 132: 24 25 26 Mesozoic Palynology
Page 133 and 134: Mesozoic Palynology 10 11 12 13 14
Page 135 and 136: Mesozoic Palynology 23 125
Page 137 and 138: Mesozoic Palynology
Page 139 and 140: Mesozoic Palynology 10 11 13 14 15
Page 141 and 142: Mesozoic Palynology REFERENCES Bell
Page 143: Mesozoic Palynology Williams, G.L.
Page 146 and 147: Moose River Basin Moose River Basin
Page 148 and 149: Moose River Basin examined..." and
Page 150 and 151: Moose River Basin The Onakawana Lig
Page 152 and 153: Moose River Basin o Q. 0) T3 O) 142
Page 154 and 155: Moose River Basin In samples of lig
Page 156 and 157: Moose River Basin Figure 5.4-Map sh
Page 158 and 159: Moose River Basin CHAUSSE CREEK, OP
Page 160 and 161: Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-05 T
Page 162 and 163: Moose River Basin more is to be gai
Page 166 and 167: Lignite and Industrial Mineral Reso
Page 180 and 181: DRILLHOLE 75-03. Lignite and Indust
Page 198 and 199: INDEX PAGE Abitibi River . . . . .
Page 200: PAGE Pleistocene-Mesozoic contact.
Page 203 and 204: Moose River Basin REFERENCES Aquita
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Page 209: 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 23 25
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10 11 12 13 14 15 ' 4 16 17 18 19 2
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Moose River Basin: geology and mineral potential - Geology Ontario

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