Moose River Basin: geology and mineral potential - Geology Ontario

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Moose River Basin PERCENTAGE 20 30 57 59 61 63 67 75 DRILL HOLE 75-06 BLUE-GREEN HORNBLENDE - — -— AUTHIGENIC PYRITE 76 78 82 86 87 88 89 91 93 95 97 - 99 101 . 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 118 119 - 121 - 123 125 127 129 - 132 - 134 . 138 - Figure 3.5-Hornblende-Pyrite Relationships, Drillhole 75-06. 64
Petrography of Mesozoic and Pleistocene Sands 15 to 30 percent hornblende and 25 to 45 percent pyrite, while in 75-02 the va lues are O to 18 percent hornblende and about 21 to 75 percent pyrite, though with much variation. Despite the variability in values, the reversal is striking. Much of the hornblende, especially in the lower parts of the holes, is altered and etched, and all pyrite appears to be authigenic. Walker (1967) in considering Pliocene and Pleistocene red beds suggested that red colouration was due to post-burial, diagenetic transition from "nor mal" grey to hematite-stained red elastics resulting from groundwater process es. He reasoned that, in an oxidizing environment, groundwater circulating through porous sediments is capable of breaking down fairly unstable iron-rich silicates (especially hornblende and biotite), releasing iron atoms, and leaving montmorillonite clay as an alteration product. He proposed that iron could link with oxygen after very local transport (to prevent saturation at the point of al teration) in the solvent fluids and precipitate as fine hematite coatings on sand grains. Intrastratal alteration can occur wherever grains are in contact with suitable interstitial water and Walker's study indicates that normal ground water chemistry straddles the Eh-pH fields of both iron solution and precipita tion. Slight changes in either Eh or pH could change the overall effect on iron within the sediments. Rate of alteration depends on the amount of water moving through the sed iments, though Potter (1968) noted that high clay matrix content inhibits in trastratal alteration by reducing porosity, and Walker (1967) found that hema tite pigment forms first along sand laminae in mud beds. In addition to montmorillonite and iron oxides, a third product of iron silicate breakdown is calcite, precipitated as a cement. Compared to non-red lateral equivalents and surrounding beds, Walker found significant decreases in heavy mineral weight percentage (30 percent) and hornblende percentage (60 percent) within redstained beds. However iron oxide, montmorillonite, and calcite increase and the remaining hornblende usually is badly etched and altered to clay. Walker (1967) concluded that red beds could form in situ whenever the fol lowing six conditions are met, regardless of climate: 1) occurrence of iron-bear ing detrital grains, 2) post-depositional conditions favouring intrastratal alter ation of those grains, 3) interstitial Eh-pH environment favouring iron oxide formation; 4) absence of subsequent reduction of ferrie iron, 5) enough time for the reactions to occur; and possibly 6) relatively warm temperature (+ 18 0C). He regarded the authigenic hematite, the intrastratal alteration, and red beds as useful indicators of interstitial Eh and pH rather than climatic indicators. The presence of lignite in the Mesozoic sediments of the James Bay Low lands, likely required reducing conditions to be preserved, and the occurrence of authigenic pyrite, often in abundance, substantiate the idea of a reducing en vironment. Siderite also normally is stable only under low Eh conditions par ticularly when organic matter is present. These factors imply that at least parts of the deposit may have originated under low Eh conditions and that this character was maintained by the sediment after burial. Could a variation of Walker's post-depositional process have occurred in a reducing environment? Silica sands in the section are generally overlain by fine grained till, underlain by clay or shale, and likely would be good groundwater aquifers. If sufficient groundwater circulating through the sands was capable of diagenetically alter ing the abundant hornblende under the proper conditions, then secondary 65
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THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS
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Ontario Geological Survey Study 21
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FOREWORD MOOSE RIVER BASIN The Meso
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CONVERSION FACTORS FOR MEASUREMENTS
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In order to maximise the use of sam
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Moose River Basin ABSTRACT The vast
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Moose River Basin the Paleozoic and
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Moose River Basin definitely whethe
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Moose River Basin the Onakawana are
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Moose River Basin Onakawana were di
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History of Geological Exploration f
Page 24 and 25: Moose River Basin mounted Acker dri
Page 26 and 27: Moose River Basin REFERENCES Aquita
Page 28 and 29: Moose River Basin Henley, T.J., and
Page 30 and 31: Moose River Basin Shawinigan Engine
Page 32 and 33: Moose River Basin 2.6-Log of drillh
Page 34 and 35: Moose River Basin Figure 2.1-Geolog
Page 36 and 37: Moose River Basin Drillhole Locatio
Page 38 and 39: Moose River Basin garni and Abitibi
Page 40 and 41: Moose River Basin quite irregular i
Page 42 and 43: Moose River Basin OGS10456 Photo 2.
Page 44 and 45: Moose River Basin OGS10458 Photo 2.
Page 46 and 47: Moose River Basin DEPTH METRES FEET
Page 48 and 49: Moose River Basin by Hamblin (this
Page 54 and 55: Moose River Basin DEPTH ELEVATION 9
Page 56 and 57: Moose River Basin sediments of the
Page 58 and 59: Moose River Basin vicinity of drill
Page 60 and 61: Moose River Basin Scintex Surveys L
Page 62 and 63: Moose River Basin 3.4-Hornblende-py
Page 64 and 65: Moose River Basin TABLE 3.1 SAND SA
Page 66 and 67: Moose River Basin The Missinaibi Ri
Page 68 and 69: Moose River Basin clay and sand of
Page 70 and 71: Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-02 S
Page 72 and 73: Moose River Basin PERCENTAGE 57 59
Page 76 and 77: Moose River Basin clays, carbonate,
Page 78 and 79: Moose River Basin sin. Samples 185
Page 80 and 81: Moose River Basin blue-green hornbl
Page 82 and 83: ^J- C 3 heavy minerals-amo assembla
Page 84 and 85: 75-02 75-03 75 -05 75 -06 DEPTH LOG
Page 86 and 87: Moose River Basin dium coarse grain
Page 88 and 89: Moose River Basin sand with some gr
Page 90 and 91: Moose River Basin 101 - well sorted
Page 92 and 93: Moose River Basin APPENDIX B All mi
Page 94 and 95: Moose River Basin strong pleochrois
Page 96 and 97: Moose River Basin HEAVY MINERAL ANA
Page 98 and 99: Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-06 d
Page 100 and 101: Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-05 D
Page 102 and 103: Moose River Basin Telford, P.O., M.
Page 104 and 105: Moose River Basin ABSTRACT Disperse
Page 106 and 107: Moose River Basin floras from which
Page 108 and 109: Moose River Basin Erlansonisporites
Page 110 and 111: Moose River Basin Biretisporitespot
Page 112 and 113: Moose River Basin Cicatricosisporit
Page 114 and 115: Moose River Basin Cicatricosisporit
Page 116 and 117: Moose River Basin MOOSE RIVER BASIN
Page 118 and 119: Moose River Basin Plate 1. All figu
Page 120 and 121: Moose River Basin Plate 2. All figu
Page 122 and 123: Moose River Basin Plate 3 All figur
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Moose River Basin Plate 4 All figur
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23 24 Mesozoic Palynology
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Mesozoic Palynology 10 fe. 11 12 13
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24 25 26 Mesozoic Palynology
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Mesozoic Palynology 10 11 12 13 14
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Mesozoic Palynology 23 125
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Mesozoic Palynology
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Mesozoic Palynology 10 11 13 14 15
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Mesozoic Palynology REFERENCES Bell
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Mesozoic Palynology Williams, G.L.
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Moose River Basin Moose River Basin
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Moose River Basin examined..." and
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Moose River Basin The Onakawana Lig
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Moose River Basin o Q. 0) T3 O) 142
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Moose River Basin In samples of lig
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Moose River Basin Figure 5.4-Map sh
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Moose River Basin CHAUSSE CREEK, OP
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Moose River Basin DRILLHOLE 75-05 T
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Moose River Basin more is to be gai
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Lignite and Industrial Mineral Reso
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DRILLHOLE 75-03. Lignite and Indust
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INDEX PAGE Abitibi River . . . . .
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PAGE Pleistocene-Mesozoic contact.
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Moose River Basin REFERENCES Aquita
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21 22 24 25 26 28 30
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11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 23 25
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10 11 12 13 14 15 ' 4 16 17 18 19 2
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Moose River Basin: geology and mineral potential - Geology Ontario

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