Rob Small's Masters Thesis: Uptake and the success of insect ...

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Papua New Guinean Conservation The practice of sustainable use has manifested itself in the Papua New Guinean Department of Environment and Conservation since the late 1970s. The government’s implementation of sustainable use projects was one facet of the suite of conservation strategies that were initiated just after Papua New Guinea’s independence. It was recognised by policy makers that there was a need for a flexible conservation strategy in a country with a mostly rural population and a subsistent economy dependant on forest resources such as timber and animal products, for day-to-day survival. “In Papua New Guinea… at the present time the protection of natural life-support systems such as the establishment of Wildlife Management Areas will satisfy the present needs for certain areas of the country, however, there will be such a time in the future that intensive management is particularly important when we are facing the rapid disappearance of natural wildlife habitats. At the extreme the approach to such intensive management is to set up self-sustaining “wildlife breeding farms” for certain important wildlife species without depending on supplies from wild populations.” (Liem et al. 1976) The Department of Wildlife policy and projects were guided by 8 principles that stemmed from the inception of long-term planning of wildlife conservation and management in Papua New Guinea in 1968 (Parker, 1978). The principles were as follows: • Wise and controlled utilisation of wildlife, aimed at maintaining traditional usage and not depleting wild populations 32
• Planning large-scale developments in order to minimise their impact on wildlife resources and habitat • Development and implementation of legislation based on sound biological grounds, enabling the conservation of wildlife on traditionally owned land with the full cooperation of land owners • Development of management and husbandry techniques for wildlife suitable for village use • Development of overseas and internal markets for wildlife and wildlife products • Establishment of Wildlife Management Areas in close cooperation with traditional landowners • Assessment of wildlife resources and traditional utilisation, to make sure that any changes which may occur do not have a bad effect on them • Maximising the benefits from the use of wildlife to the Papua New Guineans who own the wildlife Sustainable Use Projects in Papua New Guinea The principal of sustainable use has thus been a part of Papua New Guinean conservation policy for as long as the country has existed. A number of sustainable use projects were initiated in the late 1970s by the Department of Lands and Environment, which was the precursor to the current Department of Environment and Conservation. There were three main farming projects; cassowary farming, crocodile farming and insect farming. The latter two are still functioning, albeit in slightly different guises, today. 33
Page 2 and 3: Declaration of Originality I hereby
Page 4 and 5: Contents DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
Page 6 and 7: Discussion 56 CHAPTER 5 67 CASE STU
Page 8 and 9: List of Tables Table 1 Average per
Page 10 and 11: Introduction The collection of butt
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 Post Independent Papua Ne
Page 15 and 16: During WWII there was conflict both
Page 17 and 18: initially began due to the impact t
Page 19 and 20: the ‘development’ that they sho
Page 21: Due to PNG’s dependence on natura
Page 25 and 26: By the 19 th century ideas about na
Page 27 and 28: national park policies for their di
Page 29 and 30: Sustainable Use of Wild Populations
Page 31: Conservation in the context of expl
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 Butterfly Collection and
Page 37 and 38: (Flannery, 1995b). These facts and
Page 39 and 40: Insect Trade in Papua New Guinea Th
Page 41 and 42: Borch was employed as an agricultur
Page 43 and 44: that IFTA initially enjoyed. The co
Page 45: highly sought after butterflies. Wh
Page 52 and 53: presentation of a series of case st
Page 54 and 55: Annual Provincial Earnings Fig.4 sh
Page 56 and 57: Discussion The results that have be
Page 58 and 59: How long do individuals work as far
Page 60 and 61: Map 4. Insect Farming and Collectin
Page 62 and 63: 140000 120000 100000 Income (Kina)
Page 64 and 65: Income (Kina) 1600 1400 1200 1000 8
Page 66 and 67: 450 400 Number of Collecotrs and Fa
Page 68 and 69: This case is based on Ken Kube (see
Page 70 and 71: Ken’s income from butterfly colle
Page 72 and 73: approximately 100 tourists per year
Page 74 and 75: delicate world market in Papua New
Page 76 and 77: utterfly. He believes the price for
Page 78 and 79: The supplementary income represents
Page 81: 7000 6000 5000 Income (Kina) 4000 3
Page 84 and 85:
Addressing the first area of influe
Page 86 and 87:
Further research and assistance for
Page 88 and 89:
Clark, P.B. (1993) Unpublished Lett
Page 90 and 91:
(UNCED) Seminar for Sustainable Dev
Page 92 and 93:
Martens, H. (1992) Der Schmetterlin
Page 94 and 95:
Rodgers, W.A., Nabanyumya, R., Mupa
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Rob Small's Masters Thesis: Uptake and the success of insect ...

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