Rob Small's Masters Thesis: Uptake and the success of insect ...

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How long do individuals work as farmers or collectors? The longevity of individuals as farmers or collectors has been shown to be low. In addition to this only one of the fourteen people who earned an income every year from 1995 to 2002 lived outside of Morobe Province. The low level of longevity suggests that insect farming and collecting is only suitable to most people for a relatively short period of time. The lack of suitability of this source of income could be due to a host of factors; farmers and collectors could have begun other income generating activities, such as Vanilla farming in the Sepik, which prove to be more profitable than insect farming; farmers and collectors aren’t receiving enough advice or support from IFTA; farmers and collectors could be selling to other insect buying agencies such as Wau Ecology Institute (that began buying insects in 1994). Has long-term success been determined by location? The contraction in geographic spread of colleting and ranching indicates that IFTA is lacking the capacity to maintain regions that lie a long way from its office in Morobe Province. The only outlying Province that didn’t see an income decline was the North Solomons. This province actually had the greatest overall growth in income during the eight year study period. The other remote regions such as Sandaun, New Ireland, New Britain, Gulf, Western and Manus that have no road link with Morobe had all ceased insect collecting or ranching by 2002. Even some of the Provinces that are more accessible such as Central, National Capital District and the Southern Highlands had ceased earning income. Thus location does indeed seem to be a factor yet the success of North Solomons shows that this isn’t always the case. There are two factors that have placed the North Solomons 58
in a better situation than the other outlying provinces: levels of training and the Bougainville crisis. In the 1980’s and 1990’s several extension trips had been made to the North Solomons in order to start farming the birdwing butterfly, Ornithoptera priamus urvillianus and the uptake of this project was high. The virtual isolation in which this province found itself for several years due to the Bougainville crisis severely limited the income generating opportunities of its populace. Once the crisis died down in the late 90s after the Bougainville crisis the well trained butterfly farmers there were keen to resume earning an income from IFTA. 59
Page 2 and 3:
Declaration of Originality I hereby
Page 4 and 5:
Contents DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
Page 6 and 7:
Discussion 56 CHAPTER 5 67 CASE STU
Page 8 and 9: List of Tables Table 1 Average per
Page 10 and 11: Introduction The collection of butt
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 Post Independent Papua Ne
Page 15 and 16: During WWII there was conflict both
Page 17 and 18: initially began due to the impact t
Page 19 and 20: the ‘development’ that they sho
Page 21: Due to PNG’s dependence on natura
Page 25 and 26: By the 19 th century ideas about na
Page 27 and 28: national park policies for their di
Page 29 and 30: Sustainable Use of Wild Populations
Page 31 and 32: Conservation in the context of expl
Page 33 and 34: • Planning large-scale developmen
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 Butterfly Collection and
Page 37 and 38: (Flannery, 1995b). These facts and
Page 39 and 40: Insect Trade in Papua New Guinea Th
Page 41 and 42: Borch was employed as an agricultur
Page 43 and 44: that IFTA initially enjoyed. The co
Page 45: highly sought after butterflies. Wh
Page 52 and 53: presentation of a series of case st
Page 54 and 55: Annual Provincial Earnings Fig.4 sh
Page 56 and 57: Discussion The results that have be
Page 60 and 61: Map 4. Insect Farming and Collectin
Page 62 and 63: 140000 120000 100000 Income (Kina)
Page 64 and 65: Income (Kina) 1600 1400 1200 1000 8
Page 66 and 67: 450 400 Number of Collecotrs and Fa
Page 68 and 69: This case is based on Ken Kube (see
Page 70 and 71: Ken’s income from butterfly colle
Page 72 and 73: approximately 100 tourists per year
Page 74 and 75: delicate world market in Papua New
Page 76 and 77: utterfly. He believes the price for
Page 78 and 79: The supplementary income represents
Page 81: 7000 6000 5000 Income (Kina) 4000 3
Page 84 and 85: Addressing the first area of influe
Page 86 and 87: Further research and assistance for
Page 88 and 89: Clark, P.B. (1993) Unpublished Lett
Page 90 and 91: (UNCED) Seminar for Sustainable Dev
Page 92 and 93: Martens, H. (1992) Der Schmetterlin
Page 94 and 95: Rodgers, W.A., Nabanyumya, R., Mupa
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Rob Small's Masters Thesis: Uptake and the success of insect ...

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