Rob Small's Masters Thesis: Uptake and the success of insect ...

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Ken’s income from butterfly collecting is shown in fig.27 this data was derived from the purchasing records that were used in Chapter 4. His income has been quite varied but he is content that collecting offers him enough money for his needs. In the last couple of years he has however stopped selling to IFTA and now sells to the Wau Ecology Institute as it offers 50 toea (10p) more per P. ulysees. Although a high level of collecting effort is required to yield a reasonable income. Butterfly collecting offers an income to Ken as and when he needs it. This suits him well as he is single with no dependants. This type of income strategy through collecting would be much harder to conduct in any region of Papua New Guinea because of a number of factors. Due to IFTA’s long-term presence in Bulolo it meant that Ken was able to take up collecting relatively easily, as many people were already trained in collecting techniques. PNG Forest Products are familiar with and supportive of IFTA and therefore allow collection to take place on their land. Ken is able to get guaranteed purchases of his butterflies and is practically able to get paid instantly. The lag time between collection and payment is much higher for those who send in butterflies and insects by post from other provinces than for those who are able to go to Wau Ecology or IFTA personally. The case of Ken Kube offers a good example of the collection of butterflies in order to provide a rural income but the link between that income and an increased attachment and awareness of the environment is lacking. As he has to collect on land belonging to a forestry company he has no influence over what happens to that land. While the author was 70
on a collecting trip with him he killed practically all of the butterflies that he collected before inspecting the wings for damage. His collecting activity has however spurred him on to read further about butterflies and he has bought an entomology text in order to learn more about breeding cycles and food plants. Through talking with him he also appears to have quite considerable knowledge of the environment including the El Nino event that affected PNG in 1997. Case Study 2 - Pine Lodge Hotel and the Illegal Trade The second case study is an example of the burgeoning illegal trade of insects from Papua New Guinea and how local people are using it as a source of income. The presence of IFTA in Bulolo for over twenty-five years has meant that for international collectors the town has become synonymous with insects. Some collectors like to make trips to Papua New Guinea to collect for themselves rather than purchase insects through the post. Due to the notoriety of Bulolo many of these ‘insect tourists’ make sure that they visit Bulolo. With decreasing international air fares and increasing ease of travel several such collectors visit the town each year. In the past the ‘insect tourists’ went on collecting trips organised by IFTA yet the frequency of these organised trips is beginning to decrease due to the tourists’ realisation that it is cheaper to buy insects direct from local farmers and collectors. This activity is illegal yet is becoming increasingly prevalent in the town. The nexus of the illegal trade of insects in Bulolo is the Pine Lodge Hotel. This is the only hotel in the town and as such it is the only place for visiting tourists to stay. Bulolo has 71
Page 2 and 3:
Declaration of Originality I hereby
Page 4 and 5:
Contents DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
Page 6 and 7:
Discussion 56 CHAPTER 5 67 CASE STU
Page 8 and 9:
List of Tables Table 1 Average per
Page 10 and 11:
Introduction The collection of butt
Page 13 and 14:
Chapter 1 Post Independent Papua Ne
Page 15 and 16:
During WWII there was conflict both
Page 17 and 18:
initially began due to the impact t
Page 19 and 20: the ‘development’ that they sho
Page 21: Due to PNG’s dependence on natura
Page 25 and 26: By the 19 th century ideas about na
Page 27 and 28: national park policies for their di
Page 29 and 30: Sustainable Use of Wild Populations
Page 31 and 32: Conservation in the context of expl
Page 33 and 34: • Planning large-scale developmen
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 Butterfly Collection and
Page 37 and 38: (Flannery, 1995b). These facts and
Page 39 and 40: Insect Trade in Papua New Guinea Th
Page 41 and 42: Borch was employed as an agricultur
Page 43 and 44: that IFTA initially enjoyed. The co
Page 45: highly sought after butterflies. Wh
Page 52 and 53: presentation of a series of case st
Page 54 and 55: Annual Provincial Earnings Fig.4 sh
Page 56 and 57: Discussion The results that have be
Page 58 and 59: How long do individuals work as far
Page 60 and 61: Map 4. Insect Farming and Collectin
Page 62 and 63: 140000 120000 100000 Income (Kina)
Page 64 and 65: Income (Kina) 1600 1400 1200 1000 8
Page 66 and 67: 450 400 Number of Collecotrs and Fa
Page 68 and 69: This case is based on Ken Kube (see
Page 72 and 73: approximately 100 tourists per year
Page 74 and 75: delicate world market in Papua New
Page 76 and 77: utterfly. He believes the price for
Page 78 and 79: The supplementary income represents
Page 81: 7000 6000 5000 Income (Kina) 4000 3
Page 84 and 85: Addressing the first area of influe
Page 86 and 87: Further research and assistance for
Page 88 and 89: Clark, P.B. (1993) Unpublished Lett
Page 90 and 91: (UNCED) Seminar for Sustainable Dev
Page 92 and 93: Martens, H. (1992) Der Schmetterlin
Page 94 and 95: Rodgers, W.A., Nabanyumya, R., Mupa
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