34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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53 EVERNIASTRUM Hale ex Sipman Thallus foliose, loosely adnate, to 4-30 cm wide, dichotomously branched, narrow, 0.5-4 mm wide. Photobiont green algae: Trebouxia. Upper surface pale grey to green-grey, K+ yellow (aratorin), without pseudocyphellae, with or without isidia and soredia, cilia present. Medulla white. Lower surface black to brown Rhizines absent. Ascocarps apothecia, laminal, hollow. Asci 8-spored Ascospores relatively large, ellipsoid. Everniastrum sp.1 Figure 4.24 Everniastrum spp., scale bar = 5 mm Everniastrum sp.2 FLAVOPARMELIA CAPERATA Hale. Thallus foliose, loosely adnate, orbicular, lobes irregular. Photobiont green algae: Trebouxia. Upper surface yellow-green to green, K-, KC+ yellow (usnic acid), without pseudocyphellae, cilia absent. Medulla white. Lower surface brown at the margins, black towards the centre, Rhizines present till the margin, simple or irregularly branched, black or white. Ascocarps apothecia, laminal, sessile, redbrown. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores without septa, colourless. Flavoparmelia caperata Figure 4.25 Flavoparmelia caperata, scale bar = 5 mm
54 HYPOTRACHYNA (Vinio) Hale. Thallus foliose, dorsiventral, loosely to tightly adnate, lobes sublinear. Upper surface whitish to grey or yellow-green, K+ yellow (usnic acid), soredia, pustules and isidia, without pseudocyphellae, cilia absent. Medulla white. Lower surface black, sometimes paler towards lobe apices. Rhizines dichotomously branched, black. Ascocarps apothecia, laminal, sessile, disc imperforate. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid. Hypotrachyna sp.1 Hypotrachyna sp.2 Figure 4.26 Hypotrachyna spp., scale bar = 5 mm PARMELINELLA (Taylor) Elix & Hale Thallus foliose, leathery, loosely adnate to adnate, lobes irregular, over 3-10 mm wide, often shallowly divided, cilia present. Upper surface pale grey, K+ yellow (usnic acid), KC- (atranorin present), without pseudocyphellae, with or without soredia and isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface black. Rhizines uniform, side near the margin. Ascocarps apothecia, laminal, sessile, disc imperforate. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid.
Page 1 and 2: 34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen div
Page 3 and 4: 36 Table 4.1 Lichen families and ge
Page 5 and 6: 38 CRYPTOTHECIA Massal. Thallus cru
Page 7 and 8: 40 Family CHRYSOTRICHAECE CHRYSOTHR
Page 9 and 10: 42 LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray Thallus fo
Page 11 and 12: 44 Family LAURERACEAE LAURERA Reich
Page 13 and 14: 46 Family LECIDEACEAE MALCOLMIELLA
Page 15 and 16: 48 Lobaria sp.1 Figure 4.16 Lobaria
Page 17 and 18: 50 Nephoma helveticum Figure 4.19 N
Page 19: 52 CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale Thallus
Page 23 and 24: 56 PARMOTREMA A. Massal. Thallus fo
Page 25 and 26: 58 RELICINOPSIS Elix & Verdon Thall
Page 27 and 28: 60 Pertusaria sp.1 Pertusaria sp.2
Page 29 and 30: 62 Dirinaria sp.1 Figure 4.38 Dirin
Page 31 and 32: 64 Pyxine sp.1 Pyxine sp.2 Figure 4
Page 33 and 34: 66 Byssoloma sp.1 Byssoloma sp.2 By
Page 35 and 36: 68 Pyrenula sp.1 Pyrenula sp.2 Pyre
Page 37 and 38: 70 Cresponea sp.1 Cresponea sp.2 Fi
Page 39 and 40: 72 CHAPSA A. Massal. Thallus crusto
Page 41 and 42: 74 OCELLULARIA Meyer Thallus crusto
Page 43 and 44: 76 Family TRICHOTHELISCEAE PORINA M
Page 45 and 46: 78 4.1.1 Types of lichen found in t
Page 47 and 48: 80 Table 4.2 List of total lichen g
Page 53 and 54: 86 Table 4.3 Tree names and bark pH
Page 61 and 62: 94 Table 4.8 Selected trees in all
Page 63 and 64: 96 4.3 Environmental factors in stu
Page 65 and 66: 98 Table 4.11 List of tree species
Page 71 and 72:
104 Height (m) 30 3° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 73 and 74:
106 Height (m) 30 0 10 20 30 40 Dis
Page 75 and 76:
108 Height (m) 30 5° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 77:
110 No. of species 70 60 50 40 30 2
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34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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