34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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55 Parmelinella sp.1 Parmelinella sp.2 Parmelinella sp.3 Parmelinella sp.4 Figure 4.27 Parmelinella spp., scale bar = 5 mm PARMELINOPSIS (Taylor) Elix & Hale Thallus foliose, loosely to tightly adnate, lobes axils rounded, narrow, dichotomously to irregularly branched. cilia present. Upper surface pale grey, K+ yellow (usnic acid), KC- (atranorin present), with or without soredia, pustules and isidia. Medulla white, C+ red or rose. Lower surface ivory to pale brown or black. Rhizines simple, till the margin. Ascocarps apothecia, laminal, sessile to subpedicellate, disc imperforate, pale brown to bark brown. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid, with thickened wall. Parmelinopsis sp.1 Parmelinopsis sp.2 Figure 4.28 Parmelinopsis spp., scale bar = 5 mm
56 PARMOTREMA A. Massal. Thallus foliose, loosely adnate to adnate, large, lobes broad, 2-30 mm wide, cilia simple or branched. Upper surface grey to grey-green, flat or rarely convex, shiny or dull, smooth, with or without soredia and isidia, without pseudocyphellae. Medulla white. Lower surface brown or black. Rhizines simple, present, absent from marginal zone. Ascocarps apothecia, laminal, commonly pedicellate, disc perforate. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores globose-ellipsoid, large, thickened wall. Parmotrema sp.1 Figure 4.29 Parmotrema sp., scale bar = 5 mm PARMOTREMA TINCTORUM (Nyl.) Hale Thallus foliose, loosely adnate to adnate, 10-30 mm wide, lobes irregular, margins entire or crenate. Upper surface pale grey to grey-green, shiny, dull towards thallus centre, without soredia, isidia spare to sbundant, thin, irregularly inflated. Medulla white, K-, C+ red, KC+ red. Lower surface smooth, shiny, brown-black. Rhizines simple, absent from marginal zone, coarse, short. Ascocarps apothecia very rare, laminal, subpedicellate, disc imperforate, concave, dark brown. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores 13-15 x 7-8 µm, globose-ellipsoid, large, thickened wall.
Page 1 and 2: 34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen div
Page 3 and 4: 36 Table 4.1 Lichen families and ge
Page 5 and 6: 38 CRYPTOTHECIA Massal. Thallus cru
Page 7 and 8: 40 Family CHRYSOTRICHAECE CHRYSOTHR
Page 9 and 10: 42 LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray Thallus fo
Page 11 and 12: 44 Family LAURERACEAE LAURERA Reich
Page 13 and 14: 46 Family LECIDEACEAE MALCOLMIELLA
Page 15 and 16: 48 Lobaria sp.1 Figure 4.16 Lobaria
Page 17 and 18: 50 Nephoma helveticum Figure 4.19 N
Page 19 and 20: 52 CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale Thallus
Page 21: 54 HYPOTRACHYNA (Vinio) Hale. Thall
Page 25 and 26: 58 RELICINOPSIS Elix & Verdon Thall
Page 27 and 28: 60 Pertusaria sp.1 Pertusaria sp.2
Page 29 and 30: 62 Dirinaria sp.1 Figure 4.38 Dirin
Page 31 and 32: 64 Pyxine sp.1 Pyxine sp.2 Figure 4
Page 33 and 34: 66 Byssoloma sp.1 Byssoloma sp.2 By
Page 35 and 36: 68 Pyrenula sp.1 Pyrenula sp.2 Pyre
Page 37 and 38: 70 Cresponea sp.1 Cresponea sp.2 Fi
Page 39 and 40: 72 CHAPSA A. Massal. Thallus crusto
Page 41 and 42: 74 OCELLULARIA Meyer Thallus crusto
Page 43 and 44: 76 Family TRICHOTHELISCEAE PORINA M
Page 45 and 46: 78 4.1.1 Types of lichen found in t
Page 47 and 48: 80 Table 4.2 List of total lichen g
Page 53 and 54: 86 Table 4.3 Tree names and bark pH
Page 61 and 62: 94 Table 4.8 Selected trees in all
Page 63 and 64: 96 4.3 Environmental factors in stu
Page 65 and 66: 98 Table 4.11 List of tree species
Page 71 and 72: 104 Height (m) 30 3° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 73 and 74:
106 Height (m) 30 0 10 20 30 40 Dis
Page 75 and 76:
108 Height (m) 30 5° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 77:
110 No. of species 70 60 50 40 30 2
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34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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