34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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67 Family PORINACEAE CLATHROPORINA Müll. Arg. Thallus crustose, immersed to superficial, thallus medulla whitish. Photobiont green algae: Trentepohlia. Ascocarps perithecia, superficial or immersed. Hymenium gelatin I- or + greenish blue in parts. Paraphyses simple, distinct. Asci thin apical wall, 8-spored. Ascospores colourless, muriform. Clathoporina sp.1 Clathoporina sp.2 Figure 4.46 Clathoporina spp., scale bar = 1 mm Family PYRENULACEAE PYRENULA Ach. Thallus crustose, immersed or rarely superficial, often with thin black prothallus. Photobiont green algae: Trentepohlia. Ascocarps perithecia, carbonized, black, flash-shaped, rounded or in irregular groups, ostiole apical. Hymenium gelatin I- or + greenish blue in parts. Paraphyses simple, distinct. Asci cylindrical, bitunicate, 8-spored. Ascospores grey to brown, transversely septate, thickened septa, rounded lumina.
68 Pyrenula sp.1 Pyrenula sp.2 Pyrenula sp.3 Figure 4.47 Pyrenula spp., scale bar = 1 mm Pyrenula sp.4 Family RAMALINACEAE BIATORA Fr. Thallus crustose, effuse, granular, creamy white, dull green, glaucous green or green-grey. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Ascocarps apothecia, biatorine, sessile, whitish to dark brown, not pruinose, sometimes with a reddish brown pigment, but never with purplish, greenish or very dark brown (carbonaceous) pigmentation. Hymenium granules or oil-droplets, I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, lateral walls 0.7-1µm wide, Biatora-type. Ascospores colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, to oblong-fusiform, simple to 3-5-septate. Biatora sp.1 Figure 4.48 Biatora sp., scale bar = 1 mm
Page 1 and 2: 34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen div
Page 3 and 4: 36 Table 4.1 Lichen families and ge
Page 5 and 6: 38 CRYPTOTHECIA Massal. Thallus cru
Page 7 and 8: 40 Family CHRYSOTRICHAECE CHRYSOTHR
Page 9 and 10: 42 LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray Thallus fo
Page 11 and 12: 44 Family LAURERACEAE LAURERA Reich
Page 13 and 14: 46 Family LECIDEACEAE MALCOLMIELLA
Page 15 and 16: 48 Lobaria sp.1 Figure 4.16 Lobaria
Page 17 and 18: 50 Nephoma helveticum Figure 4.19 N
Page 19 and 20: 52 CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale Thallus
Page 21 and 22: 54 HYPOTRACHYNA (Vinio) Hale. Thall
Page 23 and 24: 56 PARMOTREMA A. Massal. Thallus fo
Page 25 and 26: 58 RELICINOPSIS Elix & Verdon Thall
Page 27 and 28: 60 Pertusaria sp.1 Pertusaria sp.2
Page 29 and 30: 62 Dirinaria sp.1 Figure 4.38 Dirin
Page 31 and 32: 64 Pyxine sp.1 Pyxine sp.2 Figure 4
Page 33: 66 Byssoloma sp.1 Byssoloma sp.2 By
Page 37 and 38: 70 Cresponea sp.1 Cresponea sp.2 Fi
Page 39 and 40: 72 CHAPSA A. Massal. Thallus crusto
Page 41 and 42: 74 OCELLULARIA Meyer Thallus crusto
Page 43 and 44: 76 Family TRICHOTHELISCEAE PORINA M
Page 45 and 46: 78 4.1.1 Types of lichen found in t
Page 47 and 48: 80 Table 4.2 List of total lichen g
Page 53 and 54: 86 Table 4.3 Tree names and bark pH
Page 61 and 62: 94 Table 4.8 Selected trees in all
Page 63 and 64: 96 4.3 Environmental factors in stu
Page 65 and 66: 98 Table 4.11 List of tree species
Page 71 and 72: 104 Height (m) 30 3° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 73 and 74: 106 Height (m) 30 0 10 20 30 40 Dis
Page 75 and 76: 108 Height (m) 30 5° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 77: 110 No. of species 70 60 50 40 30 2

34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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