34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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95 Table 4.9 Shannon’s diversity indices, evenness and species richness of lichens diversity on all selected tree species in each study site Study site Diversity index Evenness Species richness S1 3.70 0.92 56 S2 3.17 0.90 34 S3 3.47 0.91 45 S4 3.27 0.84 49 S5 2.74 0.86 23 Similarity of each site was studied by using cluster analysis. Cluster analysis was performed using lichens species and their frequencies in each site. The result showed that the study sites were divided into two groups: group 1 which consists of Huay Kog-Ma, Youth camp, Montatarn waterfall and Palad nature-trail and group 2 consist of San khu. The highest similarity at 0.41 (41%) and the lowest similarity was 0.12 (12%) (Figure 4.64). 1 2 UPGMA 0.04 0.2 0.36 0.52 0.68 0.84 1 Sorensen's Coefficient S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 Figure 4.64 Cluster analysis of the lichen communities on all selected trees across all study sites (S1: San Khu, S2: Huay Kog-Ma watershed, S3: Youth camp, S4: Montatarn waterfall and S5: Palad nature-trail)
96 4.3 Environmental factors in study sites Environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and light intensity were recorded during the field work period (Table 4.10). Table 4.10 List of environmental factors in study sites Site Time Temperature % Relative Light (°C) Humidity intensity (Lux) S1 20 May-20July 2009 18.0-21.0 70-89 280-440 S2 14-29 August 2009 20.0-21.5 85-95 669-735 S3 22-29 April 2010 22.0-29.5 51-53 870-950 S4 18-26 May 2010 22.5-31.5 82-91 859-880 S5 6-9 April 2010 22.0-39.0 * 1,130-1,380 Note: * Values were too low to measure by using a wet-dry thermometer. 4.4 Forest profile The forest profile was done in all sites by using a line transect with 40 m length. Trees with circumferences more than 10 cm at 1.3 m above ground level were selected. San Khu montane-oak forest. Most of trees found belonged to family Fagaceae. Turpinia cochinchinensis Merr. was the most species found. Canopy is divided into two layers. The top canopy is in range from 20-30 meters above a surface. The forest surface is relatively opened. There are scattered shrubs mixing with ferns and ivy continuously. Because of canopy width and not dense, sunlight can shine through. Therefore, The small wood canopy can grow into the second floor. This layer is mostly Vaccinium sprengelii Sleumer. and Turpinia cochinchinensis. Merr. which high is between 10 and 20 meters. Density of trees is not much. Slope locates toward the southwest of the study site (Figure 4.65). Huay Kog-Ma montane-oak forest had 57 trees along the transect. Most trees were tall with wide canopy. Castanopsis acuminatissima Reha. was a species found the most. Canopy is divided into 2 distinct layers and continuously. The height of
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34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen div
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36 Table 4.1 Lichen families and ge
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38 CRYPTOTHECIA Massal. Thallus cru
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40 Family CHRYSOTRICHAECE CHRYSOTHR
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42 LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray Thallus fo
Page 11 and 12: 44 Family LAURERACEAE LAURERA Reich
Page 13 and 14: 46 Family LECIDEACEAE MALCOLMIELLA
Page 15 and 16: 48 Lobaria sp.1 Figure 4.16 Lobaria
Page 17 and 18: 50 Nephoma helveticum Figure 4.19 N
Page 19 and 20: 52 CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale Thallus
Page 21 and 22: 54 HYPOTRACHYNA (Vinio) Hale. Thall
Page 23 and 24: 56 PARMOTREMA A. Massal. Thallus fo
Page 25 and 26: 58 RELICINOPSIS Elix & Verdon Thall
Page 27 and 28: 60 Pertusaria sp.1 Pertusaria sp.2
Page 29 and 30: 62 Dirinaria sp.1 Figure 4.38 Dirin
Page 31 and 32: 64 Pyxine sp.1 Pyxine sp.2 Figure 4
Page 33 and 34: 66 Byssoloma sp.1 Byssoloma sp.2 By
Page 35 and 36: 68 Pyrenula sp.1 Pyrenula sp.2 Pyre
Page 37 and 38: 70 Cresponea sp.1 Cresponea sp.2 Fi
Page 39 and 40: 72 CHAPSA A. Massal. Thallus crusto
Page 41 and 42: 74 OCELLULARIA Meyer Thallus crusto
Page 43 and 44: 76 Family TRICHOTHELISCEAE PORINA M
Page 45 and 46: 78 4.1.1 Types of lichen found in t
Page 47 and 48: 80 Table 4.2 List of total lichen g
Page 53 and 54: 86 Table 4.3 Tree names and bark pH
Page 61: 94 Table 4.8 Selected trees in all
Page 65 and 66: 98 Table 4.11 List of tree species
Page 71 and 72: 104 Height (m) 30 3° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 73 and 74: 106 Height (m) 30 0 10 20 30 40 Dis
Page 75 and 76: 108 Height (m) 30 5° 0 10 20 30 40
Page 77: 110 No. of species 70 60 50 40 30 2
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34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Lichen diversity Epiphytic lichens ...

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