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abundant cross-bedding. The increasing shale abundance might suggest an overall finin;: upward sequence such as was also suggested for !he American Tickl~ formation. [f the beds at Low Point are indeed of L1andeilo/Caradoc age. liquefaction and overlurned crOSS-bedding (e.g. Allen and Banks, 1972) indicates cominued tcctonic activity afler tbe emplacemem of the 10\\"Cr slices of tht '"lumber Arm Alloclllholl, which would be consislem with current models for lhe area (Cawood 1989: Stockmal am] Waldron, 1990; Waldron and Stock mal. 1991). I~O 34 THE LOWER HEAD FORMATION 14! IDlrsxl uel;on The Lower Head Formalion is exposed in a series of imbricate thrust slices in lhe area north of Bonne Bay, wi!h smaller outcrops in Bay of Islands and in thl: Port au Pml Peninsula area (appendix I, location maps 3. 2. and I). In this study most illlemiun was paid to lhe area nor!h of Bonne Bay. as the Lower Head Formation has been studied in !he Bay of Islands area by Botsford (1988), and in lhe Port au Port Peninsula hy BCIlsford (l988l and Gonzalez-Bonorino (\990). In all areas proportions 01 differclll sandslOlIC facies present al each locality are variable and correlations between differem outcrops are impossible. Paleocurrent information is also limited. However, infurmatlon ahout the overall depositional contexl of the unit i~ availab', ·Ilhe underlying ('ow Ilea,j (iroup has been extensively studied Oames and Stevens. 1986Jas has the Northern Ileadgroup in the Bay of Islands area (Botsford. 1988). [n addition. Gonzalez-BunorlIIo {IWI1I ha.~ conducted a detailed investigation of one locality of the Lower lIead Formation in the
122 Plare 3.16: Facies LHI (conglomerate and very coarse sandstone) of the Lower Head Formation. Note sandstone layer within conglomerate bed, and variation in clast populations between layers. St. Paul's Inlet. Plate 3.17: Facies LH2 (medium- to very lhick-bedded sandstone) of the Lower Head Formation. Note me concretions on fluid escape structures and shale chips. Lower Head North.
Page 4 and 5:
.+. Nahonallliary olCanada o.,ectio
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.... 1l:IE AlITHOR HAS GRANTED AN I
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ii related to felsic volcanic grain
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2.3.2.3 Lower Boundary and Characte
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5.2.5.2 Plots on VariatIOn Oiagnuns
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viii 1I APPENDIX 1 ABBREVIATIONS AN
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LIST OF FIGURES l.: Humber Zone in
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LIST OF PLATES 3.1 Facies AT1 and F
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xiv LIST OF TABLES Ll Equivalancy o
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through the orogen. This study is m
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pieces ora mosIIic of 'suspect terr
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sediments wllich were deposited in
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I. Crysglline Nsell't!'tlI of the L
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10 Z
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12 HARE BAY .ll..LOCHTHOH Figure 1.
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14 was thought to bf well esublishe
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16 !RICHAR~SON (1863) K-N 0-1 A-C S
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18 Ann Series. The ubndor Series in
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20 Ib) 5andslones broadly equivlleN
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22 PilloletBay 28 Figure 1.6; Distr
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of the Humber Arm Allochlhon, outli
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" sarDs:lone peuolOS) could COllSll
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28 I 6 'HBRENT HYPOTIfESES AccordiD
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3D quanzo.fekisplthic: has been lar
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I 8 GENERAL METIfOPOUXjY I 8 I Ikfi
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34 Although a nccenary pan of this
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36 REGIONAl FlELp REI ADONSHIPS AND
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provided in appendix 2. 38 2 ] PARA
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40 2 } ! Jbs:: Black Cove Fonna1jon
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2.3.2.6). The coJl&lomcnut$ are DOl
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thicknesses shown in table 2.1 an:
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46 conglomera!e cont2ins cluls of b
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'8 Coye Jnd Bellburns localities sm
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50 COW HEAD ZONES AUSTRALIAN STAGES
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shows low lillie: trUncations « IS
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is e~posed anywhere, '4 Previous wo
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1bree possible illlerpmations for t
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American Tit"kk fOnnJtion are not c
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Cambrian (Lindholm and Casey, 1990)
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62 Creek, and St. Paul's Inlet. An
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64 se
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.. In the Bay of Islands area the L
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68 1986; this study. The infonnatio
Page 90 and 91: 70 abut tile allochthons An overall
Page 92 and 93: 72 fACIES AND BASIN ANA! YSIS 3 I I
Page 94 and 95: Table 3.1: Facies classification of
Page 96 and 97: of Pickering et al. (1986) are not
Page 98 and 99: 90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
Page 100 and 101: 80 Facies AT3 does not seem to fit
Page 102 and 103: average thickneM is 30 cm. 8' The s
Page 104 and 105: turbidity currents (Allen, (982). G
Page 106 and 107: throughout the region. Paleocurrenl
Page 108 and 109: Tile measured section provided in t
Page 110 and 111: 90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
Page 112 and 113: Plate 3.9: Facies HH2 (conglomerate
Page 114 and 115: TWO facies classes represenled, all
Page 116 and 117: shaped geometry cannot be documente
Page 119 and 120: 99 direcled paleocurrents, combined
Page 121 and 122: 101 Underwood and Bachman (l982). I
Page 123 and 124: 103 already been discussed, and Kni
Page 125 and 126: ,0> cc:nerally finin. upw:l1d wt'CC
Page 127 and 128: 107 d~posil~d by row cooccmration t
Page 129 and 130: 109 Plate 3.12: facies ML2 (thick-
Page 131 and 132: cross-bed. 111 Both subfl\Cics a.)
Page 133 and 134: of the seclion, lhe style of sedime
Page 135 and 136: '" dl:scribed by Corney (1991) is S
Page 137 and 138: 117 Sedimentation wilhin the basin
Page 139: 119 of Ihe Mainland formation, wllk
Page 143 and 144: "3 also be present. Paleocurrent da
Page 145 and 146: Table 3.2 125 Clast counts from Low
Page 147 and 148: Il7 parts of conglomerate horizons
Page 149 and 150: 129 similar features are observed,
Page 151 and 152: IimeslOne conglomerate have been fo
Page 153 and 154: 133 Plate 3.18: Facies LH3 (thick·
Page 155 and 156: 115 The interpretation of these bed
Page 157 and 158: IJ7 themselves brecciated, and angu
Page 159 and 160: 139 Alone locality in Ihe Bay of Is
Page 161 and 162: 141 although it is a good wave cut
Page 163 and 164: 143 1411 Imemrc13lionand Bc;gjQoal
Page 165 and 166: the shcJfal area was narrow in clos
Page 167 and 168: 147 top of Cow Head Group sediments
Page 169 and 170: They postulated a fan·delta becaus
Page 171 and 172: IS' elongate submarine fans whose g
Page 173 and 174: ISl facies are certainlyvariabJe, b
Page 175 and 176: IS' counting and the calculation of
Page 177 and 178: 157 Zuffa's (1991) type A. The comm
Page 179 and 180: 159 Quartz ~_ Moa«ptaUilul' q"..,t
Page 181 and 182: 161 Sedimentary Rock Fragments !If:
Page 183 and 184: 163 Volcanic Rock Fragments !u!...!
Page 185 and 186: 165 Metamorphic Rock Fragments !lE!
Page 187 and 188: 167 Plate 4.1: General appearance o
Page 189 and 190: 169 For all formations bulk X-Ray D
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111 types 4 and 10 (bOlh felsic). M
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113 formations are commonly altered
Page 195 and 196:
175 Plate 4.3: POlassium feldspar (
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177 Figure 4.1: Feldspar diSl;rimin
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179 Lower Head Figure 4.3: An-Ah-Or
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majoritY of cases. the evidence is
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183 Plate 4.5: Two different types
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,8> as me faunal evidence referred
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187 breccia was lisa observed, comp
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'8'> to ha\'~ been derh'ed from uhD
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191 .. Goose Tickle o Lower Head 0.
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,.3 '00 high for most forms of chJo
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powsium feldspar in rock frlllgrJXl
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197 numbers of grains. it is diffic
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199 and either a sepante tally shou
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20' Table 4.5: Point Counting Param
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'03 Some discussion is required reg
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Om 20S Q FL---'---~-'-------'L Figu
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l07 Lm "L --'----l'-"'--' ;..~ L' F
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209 lm •• ,~~ v ~ l'L.--------'
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211 Lm • < 25", 2~"'
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2IJ Samples from near the lOp of tn
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into two types: .) sources which we
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217 those inferred from f~rIt Ir1iI
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219 Absorption Analysis (AAAI for m
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:m io appendix 1. For compar.uive p
Page 243 and 244:
223 ancient greywad,t.lI is similar
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225 shown in table 5.1. Ulilisinglh
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227 detritta); P2 (intermediate· d
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Ni&&li paraJnelm (notably aI-alk an
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:m isolate and inierpTe'l twO faclo
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wilhiD the samples and co test whet
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235 group and lower Head Focmation
Page 257 and 258:
237 .. \ , .. (Fa,O. ~ MgO)~ , (Fa,
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239 restricted range of(Fe,O) +MgOI
Page 261 and 262:
• Bellburns I Table Cove " Mainla
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243 and Goose Tickle group samples
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~~s units. Thus discriminant scoces
Page 267 and 268:
• lower Head F 2 0 -2 p, '. --;r-
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249 Mode of deposition determines n
Page 271 and 272:
lS' 5262 COIulaljonMalrjm Van de Ka
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S , 6 4 Cqucliljgn Mimi! rOC !he In
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'. : ., .. r·· ... Goose Tickle 2
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251 5 '66R_fglOf Ana'ysis 1bc corre
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found in some quantilY in sphene. 2
Page 281 and 282:
261 discussed, since the isolalion
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263 uhramaflC minerals ~'m seen in
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265 , a...·~u'n.' T.~I. C""" • M
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267 lhe:se puarrlelefl for Upper Co
Page 289 and 290:
REE parameters. ,.. McLennan (1989)
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!71 (which are almost identical) di
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:!73 and may show UDeXpccted, btu s
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'" 6 I INTRODUCTION Information fro
Page 297 and 298:
277 1991), was also a presumably a
Page 299 and 300:
279 6 Z 4 Qldq PUJlllochtboOO!I$ S3
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281 • Blow Me Down Brook F, 0 -,
Page 303 and 304:
283 ''0 o Blow Me Down Brook It. Br
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285 Plate 6.1: General appearance o
Page 307 and 308:
287 Casey (1990). The Blow me Down
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289 am C.mbrrel'l Send.lon•• a
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291 0, Fiilure 6.5 AnOrAb plOI for
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293 of ooarsc acidic: igneous rock,
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them above sea level. 295 63 2 Irjs
Page 317 and 318:
297 present, is chloritit/scrk:ilJe
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299 voup and Lower Head Form61ion.
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301 I. From the above review. it ca
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30) 64 OPHIOI ITES AND VOl CANle RO
Page 325 and 326:
voup {Stevens in Smylh, 1973; Steve
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307 lithologies and it would be dif
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ages lhemselves (DNAG lime scaJe. 1
Page 331 and 332:
311 Figure 6.8: This figure shows a
Page 333 and 334:
313 (,4 ! 6lrnpljgljgD$ eM Timing o
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315 Selling 3. Volcanic rocks of th
Page 337 and 338:
311 felt prcl;luded any SlT3'lgraph
Page 339 and 340:
319 pJagioclast:. in contrast to th
Page 341 and 342:
J21 thaI they were derived from pre
Page 343 and 344:
323 Lm L'L-----------'--------"L' F
Page 345 and 346:
, Cl.... h~k 32S .C'.OM8tOOk • Wj
Page 347 and 348:
J27 an: those which lay 10 the ease
Page 349 and 350:
329
Page 351 and 352:
J3J SUMMARY AND CONCUlSIQNS 7 ! REV
Page 353 and 354:
7JJPetrography m The Goose Tickle g
Page 355 and 356:
lJl Korsch, 1986. 1988). Their high
Page 357 and 358:
lJ7 eastern margil15 of tile forede
Page 359 and 360:
339 ~ISQNS WITH OTHER llNITS IN THE
Page 361 and 362:
341 the margin in Ne .....foundland
Page 363 and 364:
343 buin 'slump-slide:' feature. si
Page 365 and 366:
'45 the evidence for sediment input
Page 367 and 368:
347
Page 369 and 370:
349 Friend (1984) to describe a lhr
Page 371 and 372:
'" lenses.....'edging of sands inlo
Page 373 and 374:
m Formanon there is lillie evidence
Page 375 and 376:
7 ] ] 4 Compariwm With Other futuro
Page 377 and 378:
'" constitutes the island of Taiwan
Page 379 and 380:
~n overriden by the orogen, or whic
Page 381 and 382:
361 feld§paIs. in pmicular rounded
Page 383 and 384:
363 REFERENCES AIPEA Nomenclature c
Page 385 and 386:
365 Bruckner. W.O.• 1966: Stratig
Page 387 and 388:
367 Cumming. L.M.. 1983: Lower Pale
Page 389 and 390:
369 Erdl~nn, B.. 1971b: TClragraplu
Page 391 and 392:
)71 Hibbard, 1.. 1983: Geology of t
Page 393 and 394:
J73 James. N.P.. and Stcvens. R.K.
Page 395 and 396:
m lindl'lolm. R.M .. aM C~y. J.F..
Page 397 and 398:
MUlti, E. and Ricci Lucchi. F.. 197
Page 399 and 400:
'1' Quinlan, G.M., and Beaumont. c.
Page 401 and 402:
381 Saleeby, 1.. 1981: Ocean noor a
Page 403 and 404:
383 Stooge, S.. 1983: NOfes 0'1 the
Page 405 and 406:
JO> Willdron. J.W.F., 1984: SlnlCtU
Page 407 and 408:
387 williams. H.• l&me$, N.P., an
Page 409 and 410:
38' SECTION AI l' IJSTOF lOCATION A
Page 411 and 412:
-'91 AI.I ! GRIP REFERENCES FOR SAM
Page 413 and 414:
ML 4 ML 8 ML II ML 12 ML IS ML 20 M
Page 415 and 416:
TRC 4 TRC S TRC 7 TRC Al TRC AS TRC
Page 417 and 418:
397
Page 419 and 420:
IHh j ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 30'
Page 421 and 422:
40' ,C: ~10 ".~,,",,_." "~.. • 81
Page 423 and 424:
403 ""'"'"0"I,,-~.. ~ ,"- P~~"'UTOC
Page 425 and 426:
0, ~" . ~I ~REBAY {: :::_~::lii;Oin
Page 427 and 428:
407 SECTlQ~ 62 ! AMERICAN TICK! E F
Page 429 and 430:
f-"- I _~_ 1--' 1-=- F ! 1~- i -- 1
Page 431 and 432:
A2 12Shal!ow Bay Grid Reference: NT
Page 433 and 434:
Grid Reference: 121/6 & 12115 Vf 61
Page 435 and 436:
Grid Reference: NTS 121/6 aM 12115
Page 437 and 438:
417 "r'-" C S FMC
Page 439 and 440:
A2.16Otherl.ocaljties NOlc: other l
Page 441 and 442:
Three Rock Cove 411 ~~ II ... i~~'
Page 444 and 445:
424
Page 446 and 447:
426 ~.. ~._. IT I.-=.J ~tc;m
Page 448 and 449:
Three Rock Cove A 428 50=' ~ ~~: E
Page 450 and 451:
430 A2 2 4 Other I.oc;aljtjes Note;
Page 452 and 453:
Manin Pomt North 412 1\0(." L.... C
Page 454:
Martin Point South 434
Page 458 and 459:
438 A2 3 3 Western Brook Pond Noah
Page 460 and 461:
=, 100 1 """""",-- r~ I ti ,JI II .
Page 462 and 463:
44'
Page 464 and 465:
444 APPENDIX 3 ELECTRON MICROPROBE
Page 467 and 468:
A ].2 ...., Goose Tickh Chlorite Io
Page 469 and 470:
A 3.3 44. i5 ;: §"a,H;"~~~§;;" c:
Page 471:
451
Page 474 and 475:
45' 300'1' '" n, 4DOT 0.00 0.01 BPI
Page 476 and 477:
1\3.5 456
Page 478 and 479:
N. .. , N, T1 Si Al No C. Ni , " f"
Page 480 and 481:
A 3.8 American Tickle Feldspars, ""
Page 482 and 483:
American Tickle Feldspars 462 PCl-l
Page 484 and 485:
Mainland feldspars A 3.9 464 TRC A2
Page 486 and 487:
Mlli"land feldspars 466 , ~: i~; 1~
Page 488 and 489:
l1ainland Feldspars 41>8 0.98 NII20
Page 492 and 493:
towertle"d feldsp"rs 472 I;B5 BIPL2
Page 494 and 495:
Cambr-ian 54nd~t:ones f"e1dspar-~ N
Page 496 and 497:
A 4.1 American Tickle Point Ccunt D
Page 498 and 499:
.78 "merican Tickle Point Count Oat
Page 500 and 501:
),4.2 'SO Mainland Forl:lation Poin
Page 502 and 503:
4" Mainland formation Point Count l
Page 504 and 505:
A 4.3 484 Lower Head formi:ltion Po
Page 507 and 508:
487 Lc ....er Head Formaeiol'l Poin
Page 509 and 510:
489 Cambrian Sandstones Point Count
Page 511 and 512:
A 4.5 491 Miscellaneous Sandstones
Page 513 and 514:
493 WF-7's-8S, LQ-83-SA. HB6. MAP 8
Page 515 and 516:
.95 American '!'icl:le Major E!e:::
Page 517 and 518:
AmeriC&1l Tickle Trace Elements A 5
Page 519 and 520:
499 American Tidde Trace Elemenu (c
Page 521 and 522:
American Tickle Tnee Elements (cont
Page 523 and 524:
503 Ma.inlaadMajor£1ements (cont.)
Page 525 and 526:
505 MainJaod Major EJemcl1u (coat.)
Page 527 and 528:
A ~.4 S01 Mainland Formation Trace
Page 529 and 530:
Mainland Fo[mation Trace Elemenll (
Page 531 and 532:
:'ill Mainll.lld formation Trace El
Page 533 and 534:
513 Mainland Formalion Trace Elemen
Page 535 and 536:
A 5.5 'I' Lower Head Formuion Major
Page 537 and 538:
517 Lower Head Formation ~bjor Elem
Page 539 and 540:
Lower Head Formation t.l&jor Elemen
Page 541 and 542:
Lower Head Formation Major Elements
Page 543 and 544:
Lower Head formation ;"I.jor Elemen
Page 545 and 546:
Lower Head Formation Trace Elements
Page 547 and 548:
S27 Lower Bead Formation Trace Elem
Page 549 and 550:
529 Lower Head formation Trace Elem
Page 551 and 552:
A 5.7 5)' Cambrian Sandstones l~ajo
Page 553 and 554:
SJ3 cambrian Sandstones r~ajor Elem
Page 555 and 556:
Cambrian sandstones :1ajor Elements
Page 557 and 558:
;"5.8 137 C
Page 559 and 560:
,,, cambrian Trace Eler.lents ,. ,
Page 561 and 562:
541 Ci!lmorian Tri!lce Ele!!len~s E
Page 563 and 564:
"3 :1iscellaneous Trace Eler.ten~s
Page 565 and 566:
APPENDIX 6 STATISTICS 545 This appc
Page 567 and 568:
Kinillli and l1axima 547 V"riabl. l
Page 569 and 570:
54' COrri!llltion Coeftieillnu Icon
Page 571 and 572:
S5l Cornilltion co.. fficients (con
Page 573 and 574:
5SJ Correlation Coefficients ICOllt
Page 575 and 576:
Lower Head Formation Correlation St
Page 577 and 578:
'" Correlation CoefficienU al-alk N
Page 579 and 580:
55. Correl~tion Coefficients (conC)
Page 581 and 582:
Co!telation Coefficients (cont.) 56
Page 583 and 584:
A 6.] GOOSE: TICKLE: KAJOR AND TRAC
Page 585 and 586:
565 Rotation Method: VariJiax Ortho
Page 587 and 588:
Eigenvalue. of the Reducad Correlat
Page 589 and 590:
LOWER HEAD MAJOR AND TRACE £LEI'l!
Page 591 and 592:
571 Orthogonal Transformation !'lat
Page 593 and 594:
Eigenvalues of the Reduced Correlat
show all

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