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226 Table 5.1 Estimates of chemical characteristics of sandstones of various provenances (from Bhatia, 1983) OA CA ACM (feIOI+MgO)~ 8-14~ 5-8% TiOI'li 0.8-1.4$ 0.5..().7% 2-5'J1i 0.25 0.45% AIIO/SiOI 0.24-0.33 0.15-0.22 KIO/NalO 0.2-0.4 0.4-0.8 AllO/
227 detritta); P2 (intermediate· dominantly andesilic del:ritta); P3 (felsic· acid plUlOnic and volcattic detritus); P4 (recycled • D13rure polycyclic quartzose deuirus). Roser and Korsch (1988) also noted the importance ofbiogenic carbonate in ahering the results. and produced a second set of discriminant functions which were designed for samples with significant quantities of biogenic carbonate. This second set of functions wu considered 10 be less effICient at discrimination among sandslones of aiiferent provenance. but was fell to be 'adequale'. S 2 2 Di'!C!.lujon - RclIIPOShjm Bel'!!,.«n Major and 1JN EIC""D!$ Few sNdies of sandstone chemisuy hive investigated the relationships between major and trace elements. One exception is I study by Van de Kamp and Leake 11985) who plotted various major and trace element parameters on scaller plots to examine CQrrelations. A thorough investigation of the relationships of major elemenl parameters 10 each other and terrace element concentl1uions. clearly characterises Ihechemistry more completely than if major or trace elementS are considered separately. Anochcr advantage of the general approach employed by Van de Kamp and Leake (1985) is thai the major element parameters employed were Ni"li nLimbers. which are defin«l in lable 5.2. Since Ni"li numbers are ratios, their use 10 some extenl reduces the constant sum or closure effect which occurs in any set ofdata expressed in percenlages (V,n de Kamp and Leake, 1985; Chayes, 19(0). Thisconslant sum effect is particularly marked in bulk rock chemistry, since the dominant oxide in most rock types is silica. and most other elements will vary antipithetically with silica (Roser and Kersch, 19861. Some: important
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.+. Nahonallliary olCanada o.,ectio
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.... 1l:IE AlITHOR HAS GRANTED AN I
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ii related to felsic volcanic grain
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2.3.2.3 Lower Boundary and Characte
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5.2.5.2 Plots on VariatIOn Oiagnuns
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viii 1I APPENDIX 1 ABBREVIATIONS AN
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LIST OF FIGURES l.: Humber Zone in
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LIST OF PLATES 3.1 Facies AT1 and F
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xiv LIST OF TABLES Ll Equivalancy o
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through the orogen. This study is m
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pieces ora mosIIic of 'suspect terr
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sediments wllich were deposited in
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I. Crysglline Nsell't!'tlI of the L
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10 Z
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12 HARE BAY .ll..LOCHTHOH Figure 1.
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14 was thought to bf well esublishe
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16 !RICHAR~SON (1863) K-N 0-1 A-C S
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18 Ann Series. The ubndor Series in
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20 Ib) 5andslones broadly equivlleN
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22 PilloletBay 28 Figure 1.6; Distr
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of the Humber Arm Allochlhon, outli
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" sarDs:lone peuolOS) could COllSll
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28 I 6 'HBRENT HYPOTIfESES AccordiD
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3D quanzo.fekisplthic: has been lar
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I 8 GENERAL METIfOPOUXjY I 8 I Ikfi
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34 Although a nccenary pan of this
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36 REGIONAl FlELp REI ADONSHIPS AND
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provided in appendix 2. 38 2 ] PARA
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40 2 } ! Jbs:: Black Cove Fonna1jon
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2.3.2.6). The coJl&lomcnut$ are DOl
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thicknesses shown in table 2.1 an:
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46 conglomera!e cont2ins cluls of b
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'8 Coye Jnd Bellburns localities sm
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50 COW HEAD ZONES AUSTRALIAN STAGES
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shows low lillie: trUncations « IS
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is e~posed anywhere, '4 Previous wo
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1bree possible illlerpmations for t
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American Tit"kk fOnnJtion are not c
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Cambrian (Lindholm and Casey, 1990)
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62 Creek, and St. Paul's Inlet. An
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64 se
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.. In the Bay of Islands area the L
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68 1986; this study. The infonnatio
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70 abut tile allochthons An overall
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72 fACIES AND BASIN ANA! YSIS 3 I I
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Table 3.1: Facies classification of
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of Pickering et al. (1986) are not
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90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
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80 Facies AT3 does not seem to fit
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average thickneM is 30 cm. 8' The s
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turbidity currents (Allen, (982). G
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throughout the region. Paleocurrenl
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Tile measured section provided in t
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90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
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Plate 3.9: Facies HH2 (conglomerate
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TWO facies classes represenled, all
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shaped geometry cannot be documente
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99 direcled paleocurrents, combined
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101 Underwood and Bachman (l982). I
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103 already been discussed, and Kni
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,0> cc:nerally finin. upw:l1d wt'CC
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107 d~posil~d by row cooccmration t
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109 Plate 3.12: facies ML2 (thick-
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cross-bed. 111 Both subfl\Cics a.)
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of the seclion, lhe style of sedime
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'" dl:scribed by Corney (1991) is S
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117 Sedimentation wilhin the basin
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119 of Ihe Mainland formation, wllk
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122 Plare 3.16: Facies LHI (conglom
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"3 also be present. Paleocurrent da
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Table 3.2 125 Clast counts from Low
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Il7 parts of conglomerate horizons
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129 similar features are observed,
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IimeslOne conglomerate have been fo
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133 Plate 3.18: Facies LH3 (thick·
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115 The interpretation of these bed
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IJ7 themselves brecciated, and angu
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139 Alone locality in Ihe Bay of Is
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141 although it is a good wave cut
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143 1411 Imemrc13lionand Bc;gjQoal
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the shcJfal area was narrow in clos
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147 top of Cow Head Group sediments
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They postulated a fan·delta becaus
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IS' elongate submarine fans whose g
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ISl facies are certainlyvariabJe, b
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IS' counting and the calculation of
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157 Zuffa's (1991) type A. The comm
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159 Quartz ~_ Moa«ptaUilul' q"..,t
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161 Sedimentary Rock Fragments !If:
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163 Volcanic Rock Fragments !u!...!
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165 Metamorphic Rock Fragments !lE!
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167 Plate 4.1: General appearance o
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169 For all formations bulk X-Ray D
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111 types 4 and 10 (bOlh felsic). M
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113 formations are commonly altered
Page 195 and 196: 175 Plate 4.3: POlassium feldspar (
Page 197 and 198: 177 Figure 4.1: Feldspar diSl;rimin
Page 199 and 200: 179 Lower Head Figure 4.3: An-Ah-Or
Page 201 and 202: majoritY of cases. the evidence is
Page 203 and 204: 183 Plate 4.5: Two different types
Page 205 and 206: ,8> as me faunal evidence referred
Page 207 and 208: 187 breccia was lisa observed, comp
Page 209 and 210: '8'> to ha\'~ been derh'ed from uhD
Page 211 and 212: 191 .. Goose Tickle o Lower Head 0.
Page 213 and 214: ,.3 '00 high for most forms of chJo
Page 215 and 216: powsium feldspar in rock frlllgrJXl
Page 217 and 218: 197 numbers of grains. it is diffic
Page 219 and 220: 199 and either a sepante tally shou
Page 221 and 222: 20' Table 4.5: Point Counting Param
Page 223 and 224: '03 Some discussion is required reg
Page 225 and 226: Om 20S Q FL---'---~-'-------'L Figu
Page 227 and 228: l07 Lm "L --'----l'-"'--' ;..~ L' F
Page 229 and 230: 209 lm •• ,~~ v ~ l'L.--------'
Page 231 and 232: 211 Lm • < 25", 2~"'
Page 233 and 234: 2IJ Samples from near the lOp of tn
Page 235 and 236: into two types: .) sources which we
Page 237 and 238: 217 those inferred from f~rIt Ir1iI
Page 239 and 240: 219 Absorption Analysis (AAAI for m
Page 241 and 242: :m io appendix 1. For compar.uive p
Page 243 and 244: 223 ancient greywad,t.lI is similar
Page 245: 225 shown in table 5.1. Ulilisinglh
Page 249 and 250: Ni&&li paraJnelm (notably aI-alk an
Page 251 and 252: :m isolate and inierpTe'l twO faclo
Page 253 and 254: wilhiD the samples and co test whet
Page 255 and 256: 235 group and lower Head Focmation
Page 257 and 258: 237 .. \ , .. (Fa,O. ~ MgO)~ , (Fa,
Page 259 and 260: 239 restricted range of(Fe,O) +MgOI
Page 261 and 262: • Bellburns I Table Cove " Mainla
Page 263 and 264: 243 and Goose Tickle group samples
Page 265 and 266: ~~s units. Thus discriminant scoces
Page 267 and 268: • lower Head F 2 0 -2 p, '. --;r-
Page 269 and 270: 249 Mode of deposition determines n
Page 271 and 272: lS' 5262 COIulaljonMalrjm Van de Ka
Page 273 and 274: S , 6 4 Cqucliljgn Mimi! rOC !he In
Page 275 and 276: '. : ., .. r·· ... Goose Tickle 2
Page 277 and 278: 251 5 '66R_fglOf Ana'ysis 1bc corre
Page 279 and 280: found in some quantilY in sphene. 2
Page 281 and 282: 261 discussed, since the isolalion
Page 283 and 284: 263 uhramaflC minerals ~'m seen in
Page 285 and 286: 265 , a...·~u'n.' T.~I. C""" • M
Page 287 and 288: 267 lhe:se puarrlelefl for Upper Co
Page 289 and 290: REE parameters. ,.. McLennan (1989)
Page 291 and 292: !71 (which are almost identical) di
Page 293 and 294: :!73 and may show UDeXpccted, btu s
Page 295 and 296: '" 6 I INTRODUCTION Information fro
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277 1991), was also a presumably a
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279 6 Z 4 Qldq PUJlllochtboOO!I$ S3
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281 • Blow Me Down Brook F, 0 -,
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283 ''0 o Blow Me Down Brook It. Br
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285 Plate 6.1: General appearance o
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287 Casey (1990). The Blow me Down
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289 am C.mbrrel'l Send.lon•• a
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291 0, Fiilure 6.5 AnOrAb plOI for
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293 of ooarsc acidic: igneous rock,
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them above sea level. 295 63 2 Irjs
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297 present, is chloritit/scrk:ilJe
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299 voup and Lower Head Form61ion.
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301 I. From the above review. it ca
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30) 64 OPHIOI ITES AND VOl CANle RO
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voup {Stevens in Smylh, 1973; Steve
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307 lithologies and it would be dif
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ages lhemselves (DNAG lime scaJe. 1
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311 Figure 6.8: This figure shows a
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313 (,4 ! 6lrnpljgljgD$ eM Timing o
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315 Selling 3. Volcanic rocks of th
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311 felt prcl;luded any SlT3'lgraph
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319 pJagioclast:. in contrast to th
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J21 thaI they were derived from pre
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323 Lm L'L-----------'--------"L' F
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, Cl.... h~k 32S .C'.OM8tOOk • Wj
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J27 an: those which lay 10 the ease
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329
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J3J SUMMARY AND CONCUlSIQNS 7 ! REV
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7JJPetrography m The Goose Tickle g
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lJl Korsch, 1986. 1988). Their high
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lJ7 eastern margil15 of tile forede
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339 ~ISQNS WITH OTHER llNITS IN THE
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341 the margin in Ne .....foundland
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343 buin 'slump-slide:' feature. si
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'45 the evidence for sediment input
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347
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349 Friend (1984) to describe a lhr
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'" lenses.....'edging of sands inlo
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m Formanon there is lillie evidence
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7 ] ] 4 Compariwm With Other futuro
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'" constitutes the island of Taiwan
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~n overriden by the orogen, or whic
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361 feld§paIs. in pmicular rounded
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363 REFERENCES AIPEA Nomenclature c
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365 Bruckner. W.O.• 1966: Stratig
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367 Cumming. L.M.. 1983: Lower Pale
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369 Erdl~nn, B.. 1971b: TClragraplu
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)71 Hibbard, 1.. 1983: Geology of t
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J73 James. N.P.. and Stcvens. R.K.
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m lindl'lolm. R.M .. aM C~y. J.F..
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MUlti, E. and Ricci Lucchi. F.. 197
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'1' Quinlan, G.M., and Beaumont. c.
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381 Saleeby, 1.. 1981: Ocean noor a
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383 Stooge, S.. 1983: NOfes 0'1 the
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JO> Willdron. J.W.F., 1984: SlnlCtU
Page 407 and 408:
387 williams. H.• l&me$, N.P., an
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38' SECTION AI l' IJSTOF lOCATION A
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-'91 AI.I ! GRIP REFERENCES FOR SAM
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ML 4 ML 8 ML II ML 12 ML IS ML 20 M
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TRC 4 TRC S TRC 7 TRC Al TRC AS TRC
Page 417 and 418:
397
Page 419 and 420:
IHh j ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 30'
Page 421 and 422:
40' ,C: ~10 ".~,,",,_." "~.. • 81
Page 423 and 424:
403 ""'"'"0"I,,-~.. ~ ,"- P~~"'UTOC
Page 425 and 426:
0, ~" . ~I ~REBAY {: :::_~::lii;Oin
Page 427 and 428:
407 SECTlQ~ 62 ! AMERICAN TICK! E F
Page 429 and 430:
f-"- I _~_ 1--' 1-=- F ! 1~- i -- 1
Page 431 and 432:
A2 12Shal!ow Bay Grid Reference: NT
Page 433 and 434:
Grid Reference: 121/6 & 12115 Vf 61
Page 435 and 436:
Grid Reference: NTS 121/6 aM 12115
Page 437 and 438:
417 "r'-" C S FMC
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A2.16Otherl.ocaljties NOlc: other l
Page 441 and 442:
Three Rock Cove 411 ~~ II ... i~~'
Page 444 and 445:
424
Page 446 and 447:
426 ~.. ~._. IT I.-=.J ~tc;m
Page 448 and 449:
Three Rock Cove A 428 50=' ~ ~~: E
Page 450 and 451:
430 A2 2 4 Other I.oc;aljtjes Note;
Page 452 and 453:
Manin Pomt North 412 1\0(." L.... C
Page 454:
Martin Point South 434
Page 458 and 459:
438 A2 3 3 Western Brook Pond Noah
Page 460 and 461:
=, 100 1 """""",-- r~ I ti ,JI II .
Page 462 and 463:
44'
Page 464 and 465:
444 APPENDIX 3 ELECTRON MICROPROBE
Page 467 and 468:
A ].2 ...., Goose Tickh Chlorite Io
Page 469 and 470:
A 3.3 44. i5 ;: §"a,H;"~~~§;;" c:
Page 471:
451
Page 474 and 475:
45' 300'1' '" n, 4DOT 0.00 0.01 BPI
Page 476 and 477:
1\3.5 456
Page 478 and 479:
N. .. , N, T1 Si Al No C. Ni , " f"
Page 480 and 481:
A 3.8 American Tickle Feldspars, ""
Page 482 and 483:
American Tickle Feldspars 462 PCl-l
Page 484 and 485:
Mainland feldspars A 3.9 464 TRC A2
Page 486 and 487:
Mlli"land feldspars 466 , ~: i~; 1~
Page 488 and 489:
l1ainland Feldspars 41>8 0.98 NII20
Page 492 and 493:
towertle"d feldsp"rs 472 I;B5 BIPL2
Page 494 and 495:
Cambr-ian 54nd~t:ones f"e1dspar-~ N
Page 496 and 497:
A 4.1 American Tickle Point Ccunt D
Page 498 and 499:
.78 "merican Tickle Point Count Oat
Page 500 and 501:
),4.2 'SO Mainland Forl:lation Poin
Page 502 and 503:
4" Mainland formation Point Count l
Page 504 and 505:
A 4.3 484 Lower Head formi:ltion Po
Page 507 and 508:
487 Lc ....er Head Formaeiol'l Poin
Page 509 and 510:
489 Cambrian Sandstones Point Count
Page 511 and 512:
A 4.5 491 Miscellaneous Sandstones
Page 513 and 514:
493 WF-7's-8S, LQ-83-SA. HB6. MAP 8
Page 515 and 516:
.95 American '!'icl:le Major E!e:::
Page 517 and 518:
AmeriC&1l Tickle Trace Elements A 5
Page 519 and 520:
499 American Tidde Trace Elemenu (c
Page 521 and 522:
American Tickle Tnee Elements (cont
Page 523 and 524:
503 Ma.inlaadMajor£1ements (cont.)
Page 525 and 526:
505 MainJaod Major EJemcl1u (coat.)
Page 527 and 528:
A ~.4 S01 Mainland Formation Trace
Page 529 and 530:
Mainland Fo[mation Trace Elemenll (
Page 531 and 532:
:'ill Mainll.lld formation Trace El
Page 533 and 534:
513 Mainland Formalion Trace Elemen
Page 535 and 536:
A 5.5 'I' Lower Head Formuion Major
Page 537 and 538:
517 Lower Head Formation ~bjor Elem
Page 539 and 540:
Lower Head Formation t.l&jor Elemen
Page 541 and 542:
Lower Head Formation Major Elements
Page 543 and 544:
Lower Head formation ;"I.jor Elemen
Page 545 and 546:
Lower Head Formation Trace Elements
Page 547 and 548:
S27 Lower Bead Formation Trace Elem
Page 549 and 550:
529 Lower Head formation Trace Elem
Page 551 and 552:
A 5.7 5)' Cambrian Sandstones l~ajo
Page 553 and 554:
SJ3 cambrian Sandstones r~ajor Elem
Page 555 and 556:
Cambrian sandstones :1ajor Elements
Page 557 and 558:
;"5.8 137 C
Page 559 and 560:
,,, cambrian Trace Eler.lents ,. ,
Page 561 and 562:
541 Ci!lmorian Tri!lce Ele!!len~s E
Page 563 and 564:
"3 :1iscellaneous Trace Eler.ten~s
Page 565 and 566:
APPENDIX 6 STATISTICS 545 This appc
Page 567 and 568:
Kinillli and l1axima 547 V"riabl. l
Page 569 and 570:
54' COrri!llltion Coeftieillnu Icon
Page 571 and 572:
S5l Cornilltion co.. fficients (con
Page 573 and 574:
5SJ Correlation Coefficients ICOllt
Page 575 and 576:
Lower Head Formation Correlation St
Page 577 and 578:
'" Correlation CoefficienU al-alk N
Page 579 and 580:
55. Correl~tion Coefficients (conC)
Page 581 and 582:
Co!telation Coefficients (cont.) 56
Page 583 and 584:
A 6.] GOOSE: TICKLE: KAJOR AND TRAC
Page 585 and 586:
565 Rotation Method: VariJiax Ortho
Page 587 and 588:
Eigenvalue. of the Reducad Correlat
Page 589 and 590:
LOWER HEAD MAJOR AND TRACE £LEI'l!
Page 591 and 592:
571 Orthogonal Transformation !'lat
Page 593 and 594:
Eigenvalues of the Reduced Correlat
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