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JJO of lhedetrilus twoccurred. Hence flCldcvMicocc that thtGoosc Tickle group and loYo'ct H~ Formation "''tft not shed direclly inlo lhc fortlmd basin (rom the Humbc1 Arm and Harc Ray allochthorts is borne out by provclIOIr.et in\'tSligalions. This last poinI: may seem to be ovcremplwistd. hue 10 the casual reader 0( IIInt Newfoundland liter-livre, the overrKling impression given is (hal the sands in lhr (oreb-nd basin were derh'ed by direct erosion. lateral tr.InSpOrl and deposillon of material from the allochthons, and that in particular ull;ali:~flC material was derived from ophiolites which we now Set exposed in western Newfound:,nd. In view of the discussions in this thesis, lhis is clearly a vutly oversimplified scennio. It should be Mted that in order (0 explain the dttril3l makeup.>f the Lowtr Head Formation and Goose Tickle group, the author has hypolhe5j~d lWO major features which may have lIin to thc cast of the foreland buill: 1. A major arc ltfrmc: 2. A major upper slope or forearc basin in which milling of dctrilUs from multiple sources must Iu.\~ laken pbcc.
J3J SUMMARY AND CONCUlSIQNS 7 ! REVIEW OF THE GOOSE TICKLE GRot/PANe! OWER HEAD FORMATION 7 I ! Stratigraphy Three' units of Ordovician sandstone have been r~cognised in lhis study (see chapter 2). Two of the units, the American Tickle formation (llanvirn) and the Mainland formation (Llanvirn· ?Llandeilo), are paraulochlhonous. and are at least partial lime equivalents. These two lInit$ constitute the ...ioose Tickle group. Formal stratigraphic definitions of these units are pending as a result of this study (Quinn. in prep.), The allochthollOus unit is designated the Lower Head Formation (Arenig Llanvirn), and this name is cXlended from its original use north of Bonne Bay to describe all equivalents in western NewfoundJand. 7 1 2 SedjmeOlQ!my All three units defined above consist of sandstones and shales which were deposited mainly from turbidity flows. The American Tickle formation is generally sand-poor. whereas the Mainland and Lower Head formations are sand-rich. The American Tickle formation extends from the tip of the Nonhern Peninsula to the Pon au POri Peninsula. and is interpreted to reflect deposition in an oversupplied foredeep basin (see chapter 3). Variations in the sand/mud ratio within the unit are interpreted 10 reflect proximity 10 sediment input points. of which there were at least two
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.+. Nahonallliary olCanada o.,ectio
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.... 1l:IE AlITHOR HAS GRANTED AN I
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ii related to felsic volcanic grain
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2.3.2.3 Lower Boundary and Characte
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5.2.5.2 Plots on VariatIOn Oiagnuns
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viii 1I APPENDIX 1 ABBREVIATIONS AN
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LIST OF FIGURES l.: Humber Zone in
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LIST OF PLATES 3.1 Facies AT1 and F
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xiv LIST OF TABLES Ll Equivalancy o
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through the orogen. This study is m
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pieces ora mosIIic of 'suspect terr
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sediments wllich were deposited in
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I. Crysglline Nsell't!'tlI of the L
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10 Z
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12 HARE BAY .ll..LOCHTHOH Figure 1.
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14 was thought to bf well esublishe
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16 !RICHAR~SON (1863) K-N 0-1 A-C S
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18 Ann Series. The ubndor Series in
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20 Ib) 5andslones broadly equivlleN
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22 PilloletBay 28 Figure 1.6; Distr
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of the Humber Arm Allochlhon, outli
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" sarDs:lone peuolOS) could COllSll
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28 I 6 'HBRENT HYPOTIfESES AccordiD
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3D quanzo.fekisplthic: has been lar
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I 8 GENERAL METIfOPOUXjY I 8 I Ikfi
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34 Although a nccenary pan of this
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36 REGIONAl FlELp REI ADONSHIPS AND
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provided in appendix 2. 38 2 ] PARA
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40 2 } ! Jbs:: Black Cove Fonna1jon
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2.3.2.6). The coJl&lomcnut$ are DOl
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thicknesses shown in table 2.1 an:
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46 conglomera!e cont2ins cluls of b
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'8 Coye Jnd Bellburns localities sm
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50 COW HEAD ZONES AUSTRALIAN STAGES
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shows low lillie: trUncations « IS
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is e~posed anywhere, '4 Previous wo
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1bree possible illlerpmations for t
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American Tit"kk fOnnJtion are not c
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Cambrian (Lindholm and Casey, 1990)
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62 Creek, and St. Paul's Inlet. An
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64 se
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.. In the Bay of Islands area the L
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68 1986; this study. The infonnatio
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70 abut tile allochthons An overall
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72 fACIES AND BASIN ANA! YSIS 3 I I
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Table 3.1: Facies classification of
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of Pickering et al. (1986) are not
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90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
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80 Facies AT3 does not seem to fit
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average thickneM is 30 cm. 8' The s
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turbidity currents (Allen, (982). G
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throughout the region. Paleocurrenl
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Tile measured section provided in t
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90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
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Plate 3.9: Facies HH2 (conglomerate
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TWO facies classes represenled, all
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shaped geometry cannot be documente
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99 direcled paleocurrents, combined
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101 Underwood and Bachman (l982). I
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103 already been discussed, and Kni
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,0> cc:nerally finin. upw:l1d wt'CC
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107 d~posil~d by row cooccmration t
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109 Plate 3.12: facies ML2 (thick-
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cross-bed. 111 Both subfl\Cics a.)
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of the seclion, lhe style of sedime
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'" dl:scribed by Corney (1991) is S
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117 Sedimentation wilhin the basin
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119 of Ihe Mainland formation, wllk
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122 Plare 3.16: Facies LHI (conglom
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"3 also be present. Paleocurrent da
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Table 3.2 125 Clast counts from Low
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Il7 parts of conglomerate horizons
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129 similar features are observed,
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IimeslOne conglomerate have been fo
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133 Plate 3.18: Facies LH3 (thick·
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115 The interpretation of these bed
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IJ7 themselves brecciated, and angu
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139 Alone locality in Ihe Bay of Is
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141 although it is a good wave cut
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143 1411 Imemrc13lionand Bc;gjQoal
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the shcJfal area was narrow in clos
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147 top of Cow Head Group sediments
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They postulated a fan·delta becaus
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IS' elongate submarine fans whose g
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ISl facies are certainlyvariabJe, b
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IS' counting and the calculation of
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157 Zuffa's (1991) type A. The comm
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159 Quartz ~_ Moa«ptaUilul' q"..,t
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161 Sedimentary Rock Fragments !If:
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163 Volcanic Rock Fragments !u!...!
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165 Metamorphic Rock Fragments !lE!
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167 Plate 4.1: General appearance o
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169 For all formations bulk X-Ray D
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111 types 4 and 10 (bOlh felsic). M
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113 formations are commonly altered
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175 Plate 4.3: POlassium feldspar (
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177 Figure 4.1: Feldspar diSl;rimin
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179 Lower Head Figure 4.3: An-Ah-Or
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majoritY of cases. the evidence is
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183 Plate 4.5: Two different types
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,8> as me faunal evidence referred
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187 breccia was lisa observed, comp
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'8'> to ha\'~ been derh'ed from uhD
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191 .. Goose Tickle o Lower Head 0.
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,.3 '00 high for most forms of chJo
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powsium feldspar in rock frlllgrJXl
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197 numbers of grains. it is diffic
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199 and either a sepante tally shou
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20' Table 4.5: Point Counting Param
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'03 Some discussion is required reg
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Om 20S Q FL---'---~-'-------'L Figu
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l07 Lm "L --'----l'-"'--' ;..~ L' F
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209 lm •• ,~~ v ~ l'L.--------'
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211 Lm • < 25", 2~"'
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2IJ Samples from near the lOp of tn
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into two types: .) sources which we
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217 those inferred from f~rIt Ir1iI
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219 Absorption Analysis (AAAI for m
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:m io appendix 1. For compar.uive p
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223 ancient greywad,t.lI is similar
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225 shown in table 5.1. Ulilisinglh
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227 detritta); P2 (intermediate· d
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Ni&&li paraJnelm (notably aI-alk an
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:m isolate and inierpTe'l twO faclo
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wilhiD the samples and co test whet
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235 group and lower Head Focmation
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237 .. \ , .. (Fa,O. ~ MgO)~ , (Fa,
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239 restricted range of(Fe,O) +MgOI
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• Bellburns I Table Cove " Mainla
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243 and Goose Tickle group samples
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~~s units. Thus discriminant scoces
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• lower Head F 2 0 -2 p, '. --;r-
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249 Mode of deposition determines n
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lS' 5262 COIulaljonMalrjm Van de Ka
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S , 6 4 Cqucliljgn Mimi! rOC !he In
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'. : ., .. r·· ... Goose Tickle 2
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251 5 '66R_fglOf Ana'ysis 1bc corre
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found in some quantilY in sphene. 2
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261 discussed, since the isolalion
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263 uhramaflC minerals ~'m seen in
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265 , a...·~u'n.' T.~I. C""" • M
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267 lhe:se puarrlelefl for Upper Co
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REE parameters. ,.. McLennan (1989)
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!71 (which are almost identical) di
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:!73 and may show UDeXpccted, btu s
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'" 6 I INTRODUCTION Information fro
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277 1991), was also a presumably a
Page 299 and 300: 279 6 Z 4 Qldq PUJlllochtboOO!I$ S3
Page 301 and 302: 281 • Blow Me Down Brook F, 0 -,
Page 303 and 304: 283 ''0 o Blow Me Down Brook It. Br
Page 305 and 306: 285 Plate 6.1: General appearance o
Page 307 and 308: 287 Casey (1990). The Blow me Down
Page 309 and 310: 289 am C.mbrrel'l Send.lon•• a
Page 311 and 312: 291 0, Fiilure 6.5 AnOrAb plOI for
Page 313 and 314: 293 of ooarsc acidic: igneous rock,
Page 315 and 316: them above sea level. 295 63 2 Irjs
Page 317 and 318: 297 present, is chloritit/scrk:ilJe
Page 319 and 320: 299 voup and Lower Head Form61ion.
Page 321 and 322: 301 I. From the above review. it ca
Page 323 and 324: 30) 64 OPHIOI ITES AND VOl CANle RO
Page 325 and 326: voup {Stevens in Smylh, 1973; Steve
Page 327 and 328: 307 lithologies and it would be dif
Page 329 and 330: ages lhemselves (DNAG lime scaJe. 1
Page 331 and 332: 311 Figure 6.8: This figure shows a
Page 333 and 334: 313 (,4 ! 6lrnpljgljgD$ eM Timing o
Page 335 and 336: 315 Selling 3. Volcanic rocks of th
Page 337 and 338: 311 felt prcl;luded any SlT3'lgraph
Page 339 and 340: 319 pJagioclast:. in contrast to th
Page 341 and 342: J21 thaI they were derived from pre
Page 343 and 344: 323 Lm L'L-----------'--------"L' F
Page 345 and 346: , Cl.... h~k 32S .C'.OM8tOOk • Wj
Page 347 and 348: J27 an: those which lay 10 the ease
Page 349: 329
Page 353 and 354: 7JJPetrography m The Goose Tickle g
Page 355 and 356: lJl Korsch, 1986. 1988). Their high
Page 357 and 358: lJ7 eastern margil15 of tile forede
Page 359 and 360: 339 ~ISQNS WITH OTHER llNITS IN THE
Page 361 and 362: 341 the margin in Ne .....foundland
Page 363 and 364: 343 buin 'slump-slide:' feature. si
Page 365 and 366: '45 the evidence for sediment input
Page 367 and 368: 347
Page 369 and 370: 349 Friend (1984) to describe a lhr
Page 371 and 372: '" lenses.....'edging of sands inlo
Page 373 and 374: m Formanon there is lillie evidence
Page 375 and 376: 7 ] ] 4 Compariwm With Other futuro
Page 377 and 378: '" constitutes the island of Taiwan
Page 379 and 380: ~n overriden by the orogen, or whic
Page 381 and 382: 361 feld§paIs. in pmicular rounded
Page 383 and 384: 363 REFERENCES AIPEA Nomenclature c
Page 385 and 386: 365 Bruckner. W.O.• 1966: Stratig
Page 387 and 388: 367 Cumming. L.M.. 1983: Lower Pale
Page 389 and 390: 369 Erdl~nn, B.. 1971b: TClragraplu
Page 391 and 392: )71 Hibbard, 1.. 1983: Geology of t
Page 393 and 394: J73 James. N.P.. and Stcvens. R.K.
Page 395 and 396: m lindl'lolm. R.M .. aM C~y. J.F..
Page 397 and 398: MUlti, E. and Ricci Lucchi. F.. 197
Page 399 and 400: '1' Quinlan, G.M., and Beaumont. c.
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381 Saleeby, 1.. 1981: Ocean noor a
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383 Stooge, S.. 1983: NOfes 0'1 the
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JO> Willdron. J.W.F., 1984: SlnlCtU
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387 williams. H.• l&me$, N.P., an
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38' SECTION AI l' IJSTOF lOCATION A
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-'91 AI.I ! GRIP REFERENCES FOR SAM
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ML 4 ML 8 ML II ML 12 ML IS ML 20 M
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TRC 4 TRC S TRC 7 TRC Al TRC AS TRC
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397
Page 419 and 420:
IHh j ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 30'
Page 421 and 422:
40' ,C: ~10 ".~,,",,_." "~.. • 81
Page 423 and 424:
403 ""'"'"0"I,,-~.. ~ ,"- P~~"'UTOC
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0, ~" . ~I ~REBAY {: :::_~::lii;Oin
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407 SECTlQ~ 62 ! AMERICAN TICK! E F
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f-"- I _~_ 1--' 1-=- F ! 1~- i -- 1
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A2 12Shal!ow Bay Grid Reference: NT
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Grid Reference: 121/6 & 12115 Vf 61
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Grid Reference: NTS 121/6 aM 12115
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417 "r'-" C S FMC
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A2.16Otherl.ocaljties NOlc: other l
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Three Rock Cove 411 ~~ II ... i~~'
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424
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426 ~.. ~._. IT I.-=.J ~tc;m
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Three Rock Cove A 428 50=' ~ ~~: E
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430 A2 2 4 Other I.oc;aljtjes Note;
Page 452 and 453:
Manin Pomt North 412 1\0(." L.... C
Page 454:
Martin Point South 434
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438 A2 3 3 Western Brook Pond Noah
Page 460 and 461:
=, 100 1 """""",-- r~ I ti ,JI II .
Page 462 and 463:
44'
Page 464 and 465:
444 APPENDIX 3 ELECTRON MICROPROBE
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A ].2 ...., Goose Tickh Chlorite Io
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A 3.3 44. i5 ;: §"a,H;"~~~§;;" c:
Page 471:
451
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45' 300'1' '" n, 4DOT 0.00 0.01 BPI
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1\3.5 456
Page 478 and 479:
N. .. , N, T1 Si Al No C. Ni , " f"
Page 480 and 481:
A 3.8 American Tickle Feldspars, ""
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American Tickle Feldspars 462 PCl-l
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Mainland feldspars A 3.9 464 TRC A2
Page 486 and 487:
Mlli"land feldspars 466 , ~: i~; 1~
Page 488 and 489:
l1ainland Feldspars 41>8 0.98 NII20
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towertle"d feldsp"rs 472 I;B5 BIPL2
Page 494 and 495:
Cambr-ian 54nd~t:ones f"e1dspar-~ N
Page 496 and 497:
A 4.1 American Tickle Point Ccunt D
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.78 "merican Tickle Point Count Oat
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),4.2 'SO Mainland Forl:lation Poin
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4" Mainland formation Point Count l
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A 4.3 484 Lower Head formi:ltion Po
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487 Lc ....er Head Formaeiol'l Poin
Page 509 and 510:
489 Cambrian Sandstones Point Count
Page 511 and 512:
A 4.5 491 Miscellaneous Sandstones
Page 513 and 514:
493 WF-7's-8S, LQ-83-SA. HB6. MAP 8
Page 515 and 516:
.95 American '!'icl:le Major E!e:::
Page 517 and 518:
AmeriC&1l Tickle Trace Elements A 5
Page 519 and 520:
499 American Tidde Trace Elemenu (c
Page 521 and 522:
American Tickle Tnee Elements (cont
Page 523 and 524:
503 Ma.inlaadMajor£1ements (cont.)
Page 525 and 526:
505 MainJaod Major EJemcl1u (coat.)
Page 527 and 528:
A ~.4 S01 Mainland Formation Trace
Page 529 and 530:
Mainland Fo[mation Trace Elemenll (
Page 531 and 532:
:'ill Mainll.lld formation Trace El
Page 533 and 534:
513 Mainland Formalion Trace Elemen
Page 535 and 536:
A 5.5 'I' Lower Head Formuion Major
Page 537 and 538:
517 Lower Head Formation ~bjor Elem
Page 539 and 540:
Lower Head Formation t.l&jor Elemen
Page 541 and 542:
Lower Head Formation Major Elements
Page 543 and 544:
Lower Head formation ;"I.jor Elemen
Page 545 and 546:
Lower Head Formation Trace Elements
Page 547 and 548:
S27 Lower Bead Formation Trace Elem
Page 549 and 550:
529 Lower Head formation Trace Elem
Page 551 and 552:
A 5.7 5)' Cambrian Sandstones l~ajo
Page 553 and 554:
SJ3 cambrian Sandstones r~ajor Elem
Page 555 and 556:
Cambrian sandstones :1ajor Elements
Page 557 and 558:
;"5.8 137 C
Page 559 and 560:
,,, cambrian Trace Eler.lents ,. ,
Page 561 and 562:
541 Ci!lmorian Tri!lce Ele!!len~s E
Page 563 and 564:
"3 :1iscellaneous Trace Eler.ten~s
Page 565 and 566:
APPENDIX 6 STATISTICS 545 This appc
Page 567 and 568:
Kinillli and l1axima 547 V"riabl. l
Page 569 and 570:
54' COrri!llltion Coeftieillnu Icon
Page 571 and 572:
S5l Cornilltion co.. fficients (con
Page 573 and 574:
5SJ Correlation Coefficients ICOllt
Page 575 and 576:
Lower Head Formation Correlation St
Page 577 and 578:
'" Correlation CoefficienU al-alk N
Page 579 and 580:
55. Correl~tion Coefficients (conC)
Page 581 and 582:
Co!telation Coefficients (cont.) 56
Page 583 and 584:
A 6.] GOOSE: TICKLE: KAJOR AND TRAC
Page 585 and 586:
565 Rotation Method: VariJiax Ortho
Page 587 and 588:
Eigenvalue. of the Reducad Correlat
Page 589 and 590:
LOWER HEAD MAJOR AND TRACE £LEI'l!
Page 591 and 592:
571 Orthogonal Transformation !'lat
Page 593 and 594:
Eigenvalues of the Reduced Correlat
show all

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