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'8 Coye Jnd Bellburns localities smhtone in the American TICkle formation is CoafSC't overall and COMinJles a higher proponion (SOS) of the whole. 5andslonc is medium 10 miclt-bedded. medium· to COIl'5e-gnlined. amalgamated. and beds vary considerably in lhickness .lion, strike. Sedimentary structures consist of partial or complete Bouma (1962) sequences. Finer grained material is interbedded with the sandstone and resembles W sitcyargitlilc which iscllposed in the rypearea. South from Bellbums to Bonne Bay (appendix I, location map 3), the American Tickle Formation consislS mostly of silty banded argillite with only minor sandstone beds. The Daniel's Harbour member is present at several sections in this region, but the Howe Harbour member is .Ibsen!. South of Bonne 8;ly (appendix l. location map 3), nodetailed descriplions orlbe American Tickle formatkln are available. however workers in the area (e.,. Cawood and Williams. 1986) have given brief descriptions which suggest WI lithologies are similu to me American Tickle (onmoon farther nonh. Northeast of the Pon au Port Peninsula the most imporuru loc.aliry is U1a1 al Black Cove. HoweYff, a number of localities hnc aJso been ~orded inland by Schillereff (1980) which he usigned 10 !he Black Cove Fonnalion. bul whose dcscriplion clearly places lhem in !he sandslone pan of !he Goose Tickle group. AI !he above localilies rhe lithologies have some of rhe characleristics of both !he American Tickle arxl Mainland fonnalions. 1lley bolh consisl of !hin· 10 medium-bedded medium· grained sandslone inlerbedded wi!h friablc recessive inlervals which arc: sillier lhan the Iypical American Tickle fonnalion. In places the sandSlone beds conllin rill mark.ings on the upper surface. Currenl-aligned graprolile5 are also presen!. 11le Daniel's Harbour Member is
49 present ill the American Tickle fonnalion at Black Cove. These coarser grained lilhologies in the Pon au Pon area may represent a lateral transition between the American Tickle and the Mainland fonnations. 2 3 2 8 Age of lh( American Tickle Fonna1jQD The American Tickle fonnation is characterised by a graptolite fauna. In addition, poorly preserved brachiopods have been recorded at one locality (Smyth. (973). A complete paleontological sNdy of the American Tickle fonnation has. as yet. not been carried out, but collections have betn made by various workers (Stevens, 1976; ErdunaM 1971a, 1971h; luke 1968; SChillereff 1980) as well as the aUlhor. The specimens coUeeled by the author were idcmified by S.H. Williams of <strong>Memorial</strong> University of Newfoundland. Generally the fossils indicate a middle Llanvirn age (Da 3 of the Australian scheme; see table 2.2) for the unit and fonns present show dose:r affinities with material from other areas of Nonh America and Australasia, rather than with material from Wales and olher pans of nonhwest Europe (S.H. Williams. pers comm., 1991). Tuke(I968) recorded poorly preserved specimens of~cf. WID.i1 and 12i£d1.2iW!IYl sp. from Pislolet Bay which might indicate ao age younger than Llanvirn for SQme parts of the American Tickle fonnation. However, Erdtmann (197la) has doubted al least one of tnt identifications of Tuke (1968), and Williams (pers. comm., 1991) has cautioned Ihat few if any specimens collected from these: units have been figured or pholographed inapublication. Incorrect identification of graplOlites in weSlern Newfoundland sandstones has previously caused problems in strocrural and
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.+. Nahonallliary olCanada o.,ectio
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.... 1l:IE AlITHOR HAS GRANTED AN I
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ii related to felsic volcanic grain
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2.3.2.3 Lower Boundary and Characte
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5.2.5.2 Plots on VariatIOn Oiagnuns
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viii 1I APPENDIX 1 ABBREVIATIONS AN
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LIST OF FIGURES l.: Humber Zone in
Page 18 and 19: LIST OF PLATES 3.1 Facies AT1 and F
Page 20 and 21: xiv LIST OF TABLES Ll Equivalancy o
Page 22 and 23: through the orogen. This study is m
Page 24 and 25: pieces ora mosIIic of 'suspect terr
Page 26 and 27: sediments wllich were deposited in
Page 28 and 29: I. Crysglline Nsell't!'tlI of the L
Page 30 and 31: 10 Z
Page 32 and 33: 12 HARE BAY .ll..LOCHTHOH Figure 1.
Page 34 and 35: 14 was thought to bf well esublishe
Page 36 and 37: 16 !RICHAR~SON (1863) K-N 0-1 A-C S
Page 38 and 39: 18 Ann Series. The ubndor Series in
Page 40 and 41: 20 Ib) 5andslones broadly equivlleN
Page 42 and 43: 22 PilloletBay 28 Figure 1.6; Distr
Page 44 and 45: of the Humber Arm Allochlhon, outli
Page 46 and 47: " sarDs:lone peuolOS) could COllSll
Page 48 and 49: 28 I 6 'HBRENT HYPOTIfESES AccordiD
Page 50 and 51: 3D quanzo.fekisplthic: has been lar
Page 52 and 53: I 8 GENERAL METIfOPOUXjY I 8 I Ikfi
Page 54 and 55: 34 Although a nccenary pan of this
Page 56 and 57: 36 REGIONAl FlELp REI ADONSHIPS AND
Page 58 and 59: provided in appendix 2. 38 2 ] PARA
Page 60 and 61: 40 2 } ! Jbs:: Black Cove Fonna1jon
Page 62 and 63: 2.3.2.6). The coJl&lomcnut$ are DOl
Page 64 and 65: thicknesses shown in table 2.1 an:
Page 66 and 67: 46 conglomera!e cont2ins cluls of b
Page 70 and 71: 50 COW HEAD ZONES AUSTRALIAN STAGES
Page 72 and 73: shows low lillie: trUncations « IS
Page 74 and 75: is e~posed anywhere, '4 Previous wo
Page 76 and 77: 1bree possible illlerpmations for t
Page 78 and 79: American Tit"kk fOnnJtion are not c
Page 80 and 81: Cambrian (Lindholm and Casey, 1990)
Page 82 and 83: 62 Creek, and St. Paul's Inlet. An
Page 84 and 85: 64 se
Page 86 and 87: .. In the Bay of Islands area the L
Page 88 and 89: 68 1986; this study. The infonnatio
Page 90 and 91: 70 abut tile allochthons An overall
Page 92 and 93: 72 fACIES AND BASIN ANA! YSIS 3 I I
Page 94 and 95: Table 3.1: Facies classification of
Page 96 and 97: of Pickering et al. (1986) are not
Page 98 and 99: 90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
Page 100 and 101: 80 Facies AT3 does not seem to fit
Page 102 and 103: average thickneM is 30 cm. 8' The s
Page 104 and 105: turbidity currents (Allen, (982). G
Page 106 and 107: throughout the region. Paleocurrenl
Page 108 and 109: Tile measured section provided in t
Page 110 and 111: 90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
Page 112 and 113: Plate 3.9: Facies HH2 (conglomerate
Page 114 and 115: TWO facies classes represenled, all
Page 116 and 117: shaped geometry cannot be documente
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99 direcled paleocurrents, combined
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101 Underwood and Bachman (l982). I
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103 already been discussed, and Kni
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,0> cc:nerally finin. upw:l1d wt'CC
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107 d~posil~d by row cooccmration t
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109 Plate 3.12: facies ML2 (thick-
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cross-bed. 111 Both subfl\Cics a.)
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of the seclion, lhe style of sedime
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'" dl:scribed by Corney (1991) is S
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117 Sedimentation wilhin the basin
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119 of Ihe Mainland formation, wllk
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122 Plare 3.16: Facies LHI (conglom
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"3 also be present. Paleocurrent da
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Table 3.2 125 Clast counts from Low
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Il7 parts of conglomerate horizons
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129 similar features are observed,
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IimeslOne conglomerate have been fo
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133 Plate 3.18: Facies LH3 (thick·
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115 The interpretation of these bed
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IJ7 themselves brecciated, and angu
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139 Alone locality in Ihe Bay of Is
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141 although it is a good wave cut
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143 1411 Imemrc13lionand Bc;gjQoal
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the shcJfal area was narrow in clos
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147 top of Cow Head Group sediments
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They postulated a fan·delta becaus
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IS' elongate submarine fans whose g
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ISl facies are certainlyvariabJe, b
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IS' counting and the calculation of
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157 Zuffa's (1991) type A. The comm
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159 Quartz ~_ Moa«ptaUilul' q"..,t
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161 Sedimentary Rock Fragments !If:
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163 Volcanic Rock Fragments !u!...!
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165 Metamorphic Rock Fragments !lE!
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167 Plate 4.1: General appearance o
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169 For all formations bulk X-Ray D
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111 types 4 and 10 (bOlh felsic). M
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113 formations are commonly altered
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175 Plate 4.3: POlassium feldspar (
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177 Figure 4.1: Feldspar diSl;rimin
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179 Lower Head Figure 4.3: An-Ah-Or
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majoritY of cases. the evidence is
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183 Plate 4.5: Two different types
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,8> as me faunal evidence referred
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187 breccia was lisa observed, comp
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'8'> to ha\'~ been derh'ed from uhD
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191 .. Goose Tickle o Lower Head 0.
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,.3 '00 high for most forms of chJo
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powsium feldspar in rock frlllgrJXl
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197 numbers of grains. it is diffic
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199 and either a sepante tally shou
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20' Table 4.5: Point Counting Param
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'03 Some discussion is required reg
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Om 20S Q FL---'---~-'-------'L Figu
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l07 Lm "L --'----l'-"'--' ;..~ L' F
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209 lm •• ,~~ v ~ l'L.--------'
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211 Lm • < 25", 2~"'
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2IJ Samples from near the lOp of tn
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into two types: .) sources which we
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217 those inferred from f~rIt Ir1iI
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219 Absorption Analysis (AAAI for m
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:m io appendix 1. For compar.uive p
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223 ancient greywad,t.lI is similar
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225 shown in table 5.1. Ulilisinglh
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227 detritta); P2 (intermediate· d
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Ni&&li paraJnelm (notably aI-alk an
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:m isolate and inierpTe'l twO faclo
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wilhiD the samples and co test whet
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235 group and lower Head Focmation
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237 .. \ , .. (Fa,O. ~ MgO)~ , (Fa,
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239 restricted range of(Fe,O) +MgOI
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• Bellburns I Table Cove " Mainla
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243 and Goose Tickle group samples
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~~s units. Thus discriminant scoces
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• lower Head F 2 0 -2 p, '. --;r-
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249 Mode of deposition determines n
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lS' 5262 COIulaljonMalrjm Van de Ka
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S , 6 4 Cqucliljgn Mimi! rOC !he In
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'. : ., .. r·· ... Goose Tickle 2
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251 5 '66R_fglOf Ana'ysis 1bc corre
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found in some quantilY in sphene. 2
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261 discussed, since the isolalion
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263 uhramaflC minerals ~'m seen in
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265 , a...·~u'n.' T.~I. C""" • M
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267 lhe:se puarrlelefl for Upper Co
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REE parameters. ,.. McLennan (1989)
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!71 (which are almost identical) di
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:!73 and may show UDeXpccted, btu s
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'" 6 I INTRODUCTION Information fro
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277 1991), was also a presumably a
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279 6 Z 4 Qldq PUJlllochtboOO!I$ S3
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281 • Blow Me Down Brook F, 0 -,
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283 ''0 o Blow Me Down Brook It. Br
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285 Plate 6.1: General appearance o
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287 Casey (1990). The Blow me Down
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289 am C.mbrrel'l Send.lon•• a
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291 0, Fiilure 6.5 AnOrAb plOI for
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293 of ooarsc acidic: igneous rock,
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them above sea level. 295 63 2 Irjs
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297 present, is chloritit/scrk:ilJe
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299 voup and Lower Head Form61ion.
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301 I. From the above review. it ca
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30) 64 OPHIOI ITES AND VOl CANle RO
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voup {Stevens in Smylh, 1973; Steve
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307 lithologies and it would be dif
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ages lhemselves (DNAG lime scaJe. 1
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311 Figure 6.8: This figure shows a
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313 (,4 ! 6lrnpljgljgD$ eM Timing o
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315 Selling 3. Volcanic rocks of th
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311 felt prcl;luded any SlT3'lgraph
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319 pJagioclast:. in contrast to th
Page 341 and 342:
J21 thaI they were derived from pre
Page 343 and 344:
323 Lm L'L-----------'--------"L' F
Page 345 and 346:
, Cl.... h~k 32S .C'.OM8tOOk • Wj
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J27 an: those which lay 10 the ease
Page 349 and 350:
329
Page 351 and 352:
J3J SUMMARY AND CONCUlSIQNS 7 ! REV
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7JJPetrography m The Goose Tickle g
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lJl Korsch, 1986. 1988). Their high
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lJ7 eastern margil15 of tile forede
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339 ~ISQNS WITH OTHER llNITS IN THE
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341 the margin in Ne .....foundland
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343 buin 'slump-slide:' feature. si
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'45 the evidence for sediment input
Page 367 and 368:
347
Page 369 and 370:
349 Friend (1984) to describe a lhr
Page 371 and 372:
'" lenses.....'edging of sands inlo
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m Formanon there is lillie evidence
Page 375 and 376:
7 ] ] 4 Compariwm With Other futuro
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'" constitutes the island of Taiwan
Page 379 and 380:
~n overriden by the orogen, or whic
Page 381 and 382:
361 feld§paIs. in pmicular rounded
Page 383 and 384:
363 REFERENCES AIPEA Nomenclature c
Page 385 and 386:
365 Bruckner. W.O.• 1966: Stratig
Page 387 and 388:
367 Cumming. L.M.. 1983: Lower Pale
Page 389 and 390:
369 Erdl~nn, B.. 1971b: TClragraplu
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)71 Hibbard, 1.. 1983: Geology of t
Page 393 and 394:
J73 James. N.P.. and Stcvens. R.K.
Page 395 and 396:
m lindl'lolm. R.M .. aM C~y. J.F..
Page 397 and 398:
MUlti, E. and Ricci Lucchi. F.. 197
Page 399 and 400:
'1' Quinlan, G.M., and Beaumont. c.
Page 401 and 402:
381 Saleeby, 1.. 1981: Ocean noor a
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383 Stooge, S.. 1983: NOfes 0'1 the
Page 405 and 406:
JO> Willdron. J.W.F., 1984: SlnlCtU
Page 407 and 408:
387 williams. H.• l&me$, N.P., an
Page 409 and 410:
38' SECTION AI l' IJSTOF lOCATION A
Page 411 and 412:
-'91 AI.I ! GRIP REFERENCES FOR SAM
Page 413 and 414:
ML 4 ML 8 ML II ML 12 ML IS ML 20 M
Page 415 and 416:
TRC 4 TRC S TRC 7 TRC Al TRC AS TRC
Page 417 and 418:
397
Page 419 and 420:
IHh j ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 30'
Page 421 and 422:
40' ,C: ~10 ".~,,",,_." "~.. • 81
Page 423 and 424:
403 ""'"'"0"I,,-~.. ~ ,"- P~~"'UTOC
Page 425 and 426:
0, ~" . ~I ~REBAY {: :::_~::lii;Oin
Page 427 and 428:
407 SECTlQ~ 62 ! AMERICAN TICK! E F
Page 429 and 430:
f-"- I _~_ 1--' 1-=- F ! 1~- i -- 1
Page 431 and 432:
A2 12Shal!ow Bay Grid Reference: NT
Page 433 and 434:
Grid Reference: 121/6 & 12115 Vf 61
Page 435 and 436:
Grid Reference: NTS 121/6 aM 12115
Page 437 and 438:
417 "r'-" C S FMC
Page 439 and 440:
A2.16Otherl.ocaljties NOlc: other l
Page 441 and 442:
Three Rock Cove 411 ~~ II ... i~~'
Page 444 and 445:
424
Page 446 and 447:
426 ~.. ~._. IT I.-=.J ~tc;m
Page 448 and 449:
Three Rock Cove A 428 50=' ~ ~~: E
Page 450 and 451:
430 A2 2 4 Other I.oc;aljtjes Note;
Page 452 and 453:
Manin Pomt North 412 1\0(." L.... C
Page 454:
Martin Point South 434
Page 458 and 459:
438 A2 3 3 Western Brook Pond Noah
Page 460 and 461:
=, 100 1 """""",-- r~ I ti ,JI II .
Page 462 and 463:
44'
Page 464 and 465:
444 APPENDIX 3 ELECTRON MICROPROBE
Page 467 and 468:
A ].2 ...., Goose Tickh Chlorite Io
Page 469 and 470:
A 3.3 44. i5 ;: §"a,H;"~~~§;;" c:
Page 471:
451
Page 474 and 475:
45' 300'1' '" n, 4DOT 0.00 0.01 BPI
Page 476 and 477:
1\3.5 456
Page 478 and 479:
N. .. , N, T1 Si Al No C. Ni , " f"
Page 480 and 481:
A 3.8 American Tickle Feldspars, ""
Page 482 and 483:
American Tickle Feldspars 462 PCl-l
Page 484 and 485:
Mainland feldspars A 3.9 464 TRC A2
Page 486 and 487:
Mlli"land feldspars 466 , ~: i~; 1~
Page 488 and 489:
l1ainland Feldspars 41>8 0.98 NII20
Page 492 and 493:
towertle"d feldsp"rs 472 I;B5 BIPL2
Page 494 and 495:
Cambr-ian 54nd~t:ones f"e1dspar-~ N
Page 496 and 497:
A 4.1 American Tickle Point Ccunt D
Page 498 and 499:
.78 "merican Tickle Point Count Oat
Page 500 and 501:
),4.2 'SO Mainland Forl:lation Poin
Page 502 and 503:
4" Mainland formation Point Count l
Page 504 and 505:
A 4.3 484 Lower Head formi:ltion Po
Page 507 and 508:
487 Lc ....er Head Formaeiol'l Poin
Page 509 and 510:
489 Cambrian Sandstones Point Count
Page 511 and 512:
A 4.5 491 Miscellaneous Sandstones
Page 513 and 514:
493 WF-7's-8S, LQ-83-SA. HB6. MAP 8
Page 515 and 516:
.95 American '!'icl:le Major E!e:::
Page 517 and 518:
AmeriC&1l Tickle Trace Elements A 5
Page 519 and 520:
499 American Tidde Trace Elemenu (c
Page 521 and 522:
American Tickle Tnee Elements (cont
Page 523 and 524:
503 Ma.inlaadMajor£1ements (cont.)
Page 525 and 526:
505 MainJaod Major EJemcl1u (coat.)
Page 527 and 528:
A ~.4 S01 Mainland Formation Trace
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Mainland Fo[mation Trace Elemenll (
Page 531 and 532:
:'ill Mainll.lld formation Trace El
Page 533 and 534:
513 Mainland Formalion Trace Elemen
Page 535 and 536:
A 5.5 'I' Lower Head Formuion Major
Page 537 and 538:
517 Lower Head Formation ~bjor Elem
Page 539 and 540:
Lower Head Formation t.l&jor Elemen
Page 541 and 542:
Lower Head Formation Major Elements
Page 543 and 544:
Lower Head formation ;"I.jor Elemen
Page 545 and 546:
Lower Head Formation Trace Elements
Page 547 and 548:
S27 Lower Bead Formation Trace Elem
Page 549 and 550:
529 Lower Head formation Trace Elem
Page 551 and 552:
A 5.7 5)' Cambrian Sandstones l~ajo
Page 553 and 554:
SJ3 cambrian Sandstones r~ajor Elem
Page 555 and 556:
Cambrian sandstones :1ajor Elements
Page 557 and 558:
;"5.8 137 C
Page 559 and 560:
,,, cambrian Trace Eler.lents ,. ,
Page 561 and 562:
541 Ci!lmorian Tri!lce Ele!!len~s E
Page 563 and 564:
"3 :1iscellaneous Trace Eler.ten~s
Page 565 and 566:
APPENDIX 6 STATISTICS 545 This appc
Page 567 and 568:
Kinillli and l1axima 547 V"riabl. l
Page 569 and 570:
54' COrri!llltion Coeftieillnu Icon
Page 571 and 572:
S5l Cornilltion co.. fficients (con
Page 573 and 574:
5SJ Correlation Coefficients ICOllt
Page 575 and 576:
Lower Head Formation Correlation St
Page 577 and 578:
'" Correlation CoefficienU al-alk N
Page 579 and 580:
55. Correl~tion Coefficients (conC)
Page 581 and 582:
Co!telation Coefficients (cont.) 56
Page 583 and 584:
A 6.] GOOSE: TICKLE: KAJOR AND TRAC
Page 585 and 586:
565 Rotation Method: VariJiax Ortho
Page 587 and 588:
Eigenvalue. of the Reducad Correlat
Page 589 and 590:
LOWER HEAD MAJOR AND TRACE £LEI'l!
Page 591 and 592:
571 Orthogonal Transformation !'lat
Page 593 and 594:
Eigenvalues of the Reduced Correlat
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