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168 grains by carbonate is grealer. Albite overgrowths on plagioclase feldspar are also observed in samples from these areas. and the grain.' are commonly flallened parallel III the regional cleavage. TIle Mainland fonnation is broadly similar [0 the Ameri,an Tickle funnalion in all the respects described above. although it ha~ a lower degree of alteralion. and carbonate cement is much less abundant. Some shale chips in the Mainlalll.i formatiun llave been panly silicified around their edges. accounting for the faci that lheircentral pans frequendy weather OUI in the field. One: sample. from near the lOP of the unit, conLains abundant replacive caldte and authigenic k-feldsparovcrgrowths an: ohS([ved on rounded microclines. This feature was only seen in one sample, and may have resulted from enhanced alteration along a fault zone. Sandstones of file Lower Head Formation vary in grain size from m~tJium'grai~tJ to very coarse-grained. Granule conglomerates are common. The sandstones t~ntJ to he poorly to very poorly sane
169 For all formations bulk X-Ray Diffra.;lion (XRD) analysis of selected samples (data not provided) indicates mainly quanz. albite, some microcline, and chlorite. 1be chlorite shows only a 7 angstrom peak, which, on the basis that many grains within the samples were optically identified as serpentine, was ascribed to the presence of serpentine. In light of the discovery that (he 'serpentine' grains were, in fact, chlorite, it appears thaI the ,hlorile identified through XRD may be authigenic. Authigenic chlorite may display only a 7 angstrom peak. in conlraSI with more stable metamorphic chlorilcs which display a 14 angstrom peak; 7 angstrom chlorites, which were interpreted as authigenic, have been found in sandstones by Humphreys et a!. (1989). Without further XRD and probe analyses, however, the origin of lhe 7 angstrom peak in these samplescannol be resolved. The relatively low degree of alteration of the MainJand and Lower Head formations is consistent with information provided by Nowlan and Barnes (1987) who summarised available information on conodont colour alteration indices (CAl) for rocks of various ages in tht- Canadian Appalachians. In the case of the POln au Pon Peninsula, where the Mainland formation is located (appendix 1, location map 1), the CAl for Middle Ordovician rocks is given as 1, cOlTesponding to a temperature of SO - SO'C. For the area nonh of Bonne Bay (appendix I, location map 3) the CAl is given as between 1.5 and 2 reflecting temperatures of SO • 14C7'C. In the Hare Bay area. the CAl is muclilligher, up to 5.5, indicating temperatures of up to 400'C, which is consistent with the much higher degree of alteration seen in samples from these areas.
Page 4 and 5:
.+. Nahonallliary olCanada o.,ectio
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.... 1l:IE AlITHOR HAS GRANTED AN I
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ii related to felsic volcanic grain
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2.3.2.3 Lower Boundary and Characte
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5.2.5.2 Plots on VariatIOn Oiagnuns
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viii 1I APPENDIX 1 ABBREVIATIONS AN
Page 16 and 17:
LIST OF FIGURES l.: Humber Zone in
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LIST OF PLATES 3.1 Facies AT1 and F
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xiv LIST OF TABLES Ll Equivalancy o
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through the orogen. This study is m
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pieces ora mosIIic of 'suspect terr
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sediments wllich were deposited in
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I. Crysglline Nsell't!'tlI of the L
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10 Z
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12 HARE BAY .ll..LOCHTHOH Figure 1.
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14 was thought to bf well esublishe
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16 !RICHAR~SON (1863) K-N 0-1 A-C S
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18 Ann Series. The ubndor Series in
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20 Ib) 5andslones broadly equivlleN
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22 PilloletBay 28 Figure 1.6; Distr
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of the Humber Arm Allochlhon, outli
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" sarDs:lone peuolOS) could COllSll
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28 I 6 'HBRENT HYPOTIfESES AccordiD
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3D quanzo.fekisplthic: has been lar
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I 8 GENERAL METIfOPOUXjY I 8 I Ikfi
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34 Although a nccenary pan of this
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36 REGIONAl FlELp REI ADONSHIPS AND
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provided in appendix 2. 38 2 ] PARA
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40 2 } ! Jbs:: Black Cove Fonna1jon
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2.3.2.6). The coJl&lomcnut$ are DOl
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thicknesses shown in table 2.1 an:
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46 conglomera!e cont2ins cluls of b
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'8 Coye Jnd Bellburns localities sm
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50 COW HEAD ZONES AUSTRALIAN STAGES
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shows low lillie: trUncations « IS
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is e~posed anywhere, '4 Previous wo
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1bree possible illlerpmations for t
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American Tit"kk fOnnJtion are not c
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Cambrian (Lindholm and Casey, 1990)
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62 Creek, and St. Paul's Inlet. An
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64 se
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.. In the Bay of Islands area the L
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68 1986; this study. The infonnatio
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70 abut tile allochthons An overall
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72 fACIES AND BASIN ANA! YSIS 3 I I
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Table 3.1: Facies classification of
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of Pickering et al. (1986) are not
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90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
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80 Facies AT3 does not seem to fit
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average thickneM is 30 cm. 8' The s
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turbidity currents (Allen, (982). G
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throughout the region. Paleocurrenl
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Tile measured section provided in t
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90 Plate 3.7: Facies HHI (shale chi
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Plate 3.9: Facies HH2 (conglomerate
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TWO facies classes represenled, all
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shaped geometry cannot be documente
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99 direcled paleocurrents, combined
Page 121 and 122:
101 Underwood and Bachman (l982). I
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103 already been discussed, and Kni
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,0> cc:nerally finin. upw:l1d wt'CC
Page 127 and 128:
107 d~posil~d by row cooccmration t
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109 Plate 3.12: facies ML2 (thick-
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cross-bed. 111 Both subfl\Cics a.)
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of the seclion, lhe style of sedime
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'" dl:scribed by Corney (1991) is S
Page 137 and 138: 117 Sedimentation wilhin the basin
Page 139 and 140: 119 of Ihe Mainland formation, wllk
Page 141 and 142: 122 Plare 3.16: Facies LHI (conglom
Page 143 and 144: "3 also be present. Paleocurrent da
Page 145 and 146: Table 3.2 125 Clast counts from Low
Page 147 and 148: Il7 parts of conglomerate horizons
Page 149 and 150: 129 similar features are observed,
Page 151 and 152: IimeslOne conglomerate have been fo
Page 153 and 154: 133 Plate 3.18: Facies LH3 (thick·
Page 155 and 156: 115 The interpretation of these bed
Page 157 and 158: IJ7 themselves brecciated, and angu
Page 159 and 160: 139 Alone locality in Ihe Bay of Is
Page 161 and 162: 141 although it is a good wave cut
Page 163 and 164: 143 1411 Imemrc13lionand Bc;gjQoal
Page 165 and 166: the shcJfal area was narrow in clos
Page 167 and 168: 147 top of Cow Head Group sediments
Page 169 and 170: They postulated a fan·delta becaus
Page 171 and 172: IS' elongate submarine fans whose g
Page 173 and 174: ISl facies are certainlyvariabJe, b
Page 175 and 176: IS' counting and the calculation of
Page 177 and 178: 157 Zuffa's (1991) type A. The comm
Page 179 and 180: 159 Quartz ~_ Moa«ptaUilul' q"..,t
Page 181 and 182: 161 Sedimentary Rock Fragments !If:
Page 183 and 184: 163 Volcanic Rock Fragments !u!...!
Page 185 and 186: 165 Metamorphic Rock Fragments !lE!
Page 187: 167 Plate 4.1: General appearance o
Page 191 and 192: 111 types 4 and 10 (bOlh felsic). M
Page 193 and 194: 113 formations are commonly altered
Page 195 and 196: 175 Plate 4.3: POlassium feldspar (
Page 197 and 198: 177 Figure 4.1: Feldspar diSl;rimin
Page 199 and 200: 179 Lower Head Figure 4.3: An-Ah-Or
Page 201 and 202: majoritY of cases. the evidence is
Page 203 and 204: 183 Plate 4.5: Two different types
Page 205 and 206: ,8> as me faunal evidence referred
Page 207 and 208: 187 breccia was lisa observed, comp
Page 209 and 210: '8'> to ha\'~ been derh'ed from uhD
Page 211 and 212: 191 .. Goose Tickle o Lower Head 0.
Page 213 and 214: ,.3 '00 high for most forms of chJo
Page 215 and 216: powsium feldspar in rock frlllgrJXl
Page 217 and 218: 197 numbers of grains. it is diffic
Page 219 and 220: 199 and either a sepante tally shou
Page 221 and 222: 20' Table 4.5: Point Counting Param
Page 223 and 224: '03 Some discussion is required reg
Page 225 and 226: Om 20S Q FL---'---~-'-------'L Figu
Page 227 and 228: l07 Lm "L --'----l'-"'--' ;..~ L' F
Page 229 and 230: 209 lm •• ,~~ v ~ l'L.--------'
Page 231 and 232: 211 Lm • < 25", 2~"'
Page 233 and 234: 2IJ Samples from near the lOp of tn
Page 235 and 236: into two types: .) sources which we
Page 237 and 238: 217 those inferred from f~rIt Ir1iI
Page 239 and 240:
219 Absorption Analysis (AAAI for m
Page 241 and 242:
:m io appendix 1. For compar.uive p
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223 ancient greywad,t.lI is similar
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225 shown in table 5.1. Ulilisinglh
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227 detritta); P2 (intermediate· d
Page 249 and 250:
Ni&&li paraJnelm (notably aI-alk an
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:m isolate and inierpTe'l twO faclo
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wilhiD the samples and co test whet
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235 group and lower Head Focmation
Page 257 and 258:
237 .. \ , .. (Fa,O. ~ MgO)~ , (Fa,
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239 restricted range of(Fe,O) +MgOI
Page 261 and 262:
• Bellburns I Table Cove " Mainla
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243 and Goose Tickle group samples
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~~s units. Thus discriminant scoces
Page 267 and 268:
• lower Head F 2 0 -2 p, '. --;r-
Page 269 and 270:
249 Mode of deposition determines n
Page 271 and 272:
lS' 5262 COIulaljonMalrjm Van de Ka
Page 273 and 274:
S , 6 4 Cqucliljgn Mimi! rOC !he In
Page 275 and 276:
'. : ., .. r·· ... Goose Tickle 2
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251 5 '66R_fglOf Ana'ysis 1bc corre
Page 279 and 280:
found in some quantilY in sphene. 2
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261 discussed, since the isolalion
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263 uhramaflC minerals ~'m seen in
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265 , a...·~u'n.' T.~I. C""" • M
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267 lhe:se puarrlelefl for Upper Co
Page 289 and 290:
REE parameters. ,.. McLennan (1989)
Page 291 and 292:
!71 (which are almost identical) di
Page 293 and 294:
:!73 and may show UDeXpccted, btu s
Page 295 and 296:
'" 6 I INTRODUCTION Information fro
Page 297 and 298:
277 1991), was also a presumably a
Page 299 and 300:
279 6 Z 4 Qldq PUJlllochtboOO!I$ S3
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281 • Blow Me Down Brook F, 0 -,
Page 303 and 304:
283 ''0 o Blow Me Down Brook It. Br
Page 305 and 306:
285 Plate 6.1: General appearance o
Page 307 and 308:
287 Casey (1990). The Blow me Down
Page 309 and 310:
289 am C.mbrrel'l Send.lon•• a
Page 311 and 312:
291 0, Fiilure 6.5 AnOrAb plOI for
Page 313 and 314:
293 of ooarsc acidic: igneous rock,
Page 315 and 316:
them above sea level. 295 63 2 Irjs
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297 present, is chloritit/scrk:ilJe
Page 319 and 320:
299 voup and Lower Head Form61ion.
Page 321 and 322:
301 I. From the above review. it ca
Page 323 and 324:
30) 64 OPHIOI ITES AND VOl CANle RO
Page 325 and 326:
voup {Stevens in Smylh, 1973; Steve
Page 327 and 328:
307 lithologies and it would be dif
Page 329 and 330:
ages lhemselves (DNAG lime scaJe. 1
Page 331 and 332:
311 Figure 6.8: This figure shows a
Page 333 and 334:
313 (,4 ! 6lrnpljgljgD$ eM Timing o
Page 335 and 336:
315 Selling 3. Volcanic rocks of th
Page 337 and 338:
311 felt prcl;luded any SlT3'lgraph
Page 339 and 340:
319 pJagioclast:. in contrast to th
Page 341 and 342:
J21 thaI they were derived from pre
Page 343 and 344:
323 Lm L'L-----------'--------"L' F
Page 345 and 346:
, Cl.... h~k 32S .C'.OM8tOOk • Wj
Page 347 and 348:
J27 an: those which lay 10 the ease
Page 349 and 350:
329
Page 351 and 352:
J3J SUMMARY AND CONCUlSIQNS 7 ! REV
Page 353 and 354:
7JJPetrography m The Goose Tickle g
Page 355 and 356:
lJl Korsch, 1986. 1988). Their high
Page 357 and 358:
lJ7 eastern margil15 of tile forede
Page 359 and 360:
339 ~ISQNS WITH OTHER llNITS IN THE
Page 361 and 362:
341 the margin in Ne .....foundland
Page 363 and 364:
343 buin 'slump-slide:' feature. si
Page 365 and 366:
'45 the evidence for sediment input
Page 367 and 368:
347
Page 369 and 370:
349 Friend (1984) to describe a lhr
Page 371 and 372:
'" lenses.....'edging of sands inlo
Page 373 and 374:
m Formanon there is lillie evidence
Page 375 and 376:
7 ] ] 4 Compariwm With Other futuro
Page 377 and 378:
'" constitutes the island of Taiwan
Page 379 and 380:
~n overriden by the orogen, or whic
Page 381 and 382:
361 feld§paIs. in pmicular rounded
Page 383 and 384:
363 REFERENCES AIPEA Nomenclature c
Page 385 and 386:
365 Bruckner. W.O.• 1966: Stratig
Page 387 and 388:
367 Cumming. L.M.. 1983: Lower Pale
Page 389 and 390:
369 Erdl~nn, B.. 1971b: TClragraplu
Page 391 and 392:
)71 Hibbard, 1.. 1983: Geology of t
Page 393 and 394:
J73 James. N.P.. and Stcvens. R.K.
Page 395 and 396:
m lindl'lolm. R.M .. aM C~y. J.F..
Page 397 and 398:
MUlti, E. and Ricci Lucchi. F.. 197
Page 399 and 400:
'1' Quinlan, G.M., and Beaumont. c.
Page 401 and 402:
381 Saleeby, 1.. 1981: Ocean noor a
Page 403 and 404:
383 Stooge, S.. 1983: NOfes 0'1 the
Page 405 and 406:
JO> Willdron. J.W.F., 1984: SlnlCtU
Page 407 and 408:
387 williams. H.• l&me$, N.P., an
Page 409 and 410:
38' SECTION AI l' IJSTOF lOCATION A
Page 411 and 412:
-'91 AI.I ! GRIP REFERENCES FOR SAM
Page 413 and 414:
ML 4 ML 8 ML II ML 12 ML IS ML 20 M
Page 415 and 416:
TRC 4 TRC S TRC 7 TRC Al TRC AS TRC
Page 417 and 418:
397
Page 419 and 420:
IHh j ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 30'
Page 421 and 422:
40' ,C: ~10 ".~,,",,_." "~.. • 81
Page 423 and 424:
403 ""'"'"0"I,,-~.. ~ ,"- P~~"'UTOC
Page 425 and 426:
0, ~" . ~I ~REBAY {: :::_~::lii;Oin
Page 427 and 428:
407 SECTlQ~ 62 ! AMERICAN TICK! E F
Page 429 and 430:
f-"- I _~_ 1--' 1-=- F ! 1~- i -- 1
Page 431 and 432:
A2 12Shal!ow Bay Grid Reference: NT
Page 433 and 434:
Grid Reference: 121/6 & 12115 Vf 61
Page 435 and 436:
Grid Reference: NTS 121/6 aM 12115
Page 437 and 438:
417 "r'-" C S FMC
Page 439 and 440:
A2.16Otherl.ocaljties NOlc: other l
Page 441 and 442:
Three Rock Cove 411 ~~ II ... i~~'
Page 444 and 445:
424
Page 446 and 447:
426 ~.. ~._. IT I.-=.J ~tc;m
Page 448 and 449:
Three Rock Cove A 428 50=' ~ ~~: E
Page 450 and 451:
430 A2 2 4 Other I.oc;aljtjes Note;
Page 452 and 453:
Manin Pomt North 412 1\0(." L.... C
Page 454:
Martin Point South 434
Page 458 and 459:
438 A2 3 3 Western Brook Pond Noah
Page 460 and 461:
=, 100 1 """""",-- r~ I ti ,JI II .
Page 462 and 463:
44'
Page 464 and 465:
444 APPENDIX 3 ELECTRON MICROPROBE
Page 467 and 468:
A ].2 ...., Goose Tickh Chlorite Io
Page 469 and 470:
A 3.3 44. i5 ;: §"a,H;"~~~§;;" c:
Page 471:
451
Page 474 and 475:
45' 300'1' '" n, 4DOT 0.00 0.01 BPI
Page 476 and 477:
1\3.5 456
Page 478 and 479:
N. .. , N, T1 Si Al No C. Ni , " f"
Page 480 and 481:
A 3.8 American Tickle Feldspars, ""
Page 482 and 483:
American Tickle Feldspars 462 PCl-l
Page 484 and 485:
Mainland feldspars A 3.9 464 TRC A2
Page 486 and 487:
Mlli"land feldspars 466 , ~: i~; 1~
Page 488 and 489:
l1ainland Feldspars 41>8 0.98 NII20
Page 492 and 493:
towertle"d feldsp"rs 472 I;B5 BIPL2
Page 494 and 495:
Cambr-ian 54nd~t:ones f"e1dspar-~ N
Page 496 and 497:
A 4.1 American Tickle Point Ccunt D
Page 498 and 499:
.78 "merican Tickle Point Count Oat
Page 500 and 501:
),4.2 'SO Mainland Forl:lation Poin
Page 502 and 503:
4" Mainland formation Point Count l
Page 504 and 505:
A 4.3 484 Lower Head formi:ltion Po
Page 507 and 508:
487 Lc ....er Head Formaeiol'l Poin
Page 509 and 510:
489 Cambrian Sandstones Point Count
Page 511 and 512:
A 4.5 491 Miscellaneous Sandstones
Page 513 and 514:
493 WF-7's-8S, LQ-83-SA. HB6. MAP 8
Page 515 and 516:
.95 American '!'icl:le Major E!e:::
Page 517 and 518:
AmeriC&1l Tickle Trace Elements A 5
Page 519 and 520:
499 American Tidde Trace Elemenu (c
Page 521 and 522:
American Tickle Tnee Elements (cont
Page 523 and 524:
503 Ma.inlaadMajor£1ements (cont.)
Page 525 and 526:
505 MainJaod Major EJemcl1u (coat.)
Page 527 and 528:
A ~.4 S01 Mainland Formation Trace
Page 529 and 530:
Mainland Fo[mation Trace Elemenll (
Page 531 and 532:
:'ill Mainll.lld formation Trace El
Page 533 and 534:
513 Mainland Formalion Trace Elemen
Page 535 and 536:
A 5.5 'I' Lower Head Formuion Major
Page 537 and 538:
517 Lower Head Formation ~bjor Elem
Page 539 and 540:
Lower Head Formation t.l&jor Elemen
Page 541 and 542:
Lower Head Formation Major Elements
Page 543 and 544:
Lower Head formation ;"I.jor Elemen
Page 545 and 546:
Lower Head Formation Trace Elements
Page 547 and 548:
S27 Lower Bead Formation Trace Elem
Page 549 and 550:
529 Lower Head formation Trace Elem
Page 551 and 552:
A 5.7 5)' Cambrian Sandstones l~ajo
Page 553 and 554:
SJ3 cambrian Sandstones r~ajor Elem
Page 555 and 556:
Cambrian sandstones :1ajor Elements
Page 557 and 558:
;"5.8 137 C
Page 559 and 560:
,,, cambrian Trace Eler.lents ,. ,
Page 561 and 562:
541 Ci!lmorian Tri!lce Ele!!len~s E
Page 563 and 564:
"3 :1iscellaneous Trace Eler.ten~s
Page 565 and 566:
APPENDIX 6 STATISTICS 545 This appc
Page 567 and 568:
Kinillli and l1axima 547 V"riabl. l
Page 569 and 570:
54' COrri!llltion Coeftieillnu Icon
Page 571 and 572:
S5l Cornilltion co.. fficients (con
Page 573 and 574:
5SJ Correlation Coefficients ICOllt
Page 575 and 576:
Lower Head Formation Correlation St
Page 577 and 578:
'" Correlation CoefficienU al-alk N
Page 579 and 580:
55. Correl~tion Coefficients (conC)
Page 581 and 582:
Co!telation Coefficients (cont.) 56
Page 583 and 584:
A 6.] GOOSE: TICKLE: KAJOR AND TRAC
Page 585 and 586:
565 Rotation Method: VariJiax Ortho
Page 587 and 588:
Eigenvalue. of the Reducad Correlat
Page 589 and 590:
LOWER HEAD MAJOR AND TRACE £LEI'l!
Page 591 and 592:
571 Orthogonal Transformation !'lat
Page 593 and 594:
Eigenvalues of the Reduced Correlat
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