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shelled pail by pail whenever it is time to send another quantity to the corn miller. 14 The fine flour into which it is ground is never used for the purpose of baking; it is either made into kenkey (which tomyknowledge no woman would ever take the trouble to prepare only for her household) or into a porridge by mixing it with water and, if possible, with tinned milk. Sweetened with sugar this is known as kooko, a favourite breakfast dish for many. In the household cassava is commonly consumed as a boiled food, the pieces being used to scoop up the vegetable stew with which it is eaten. IS Many, however, will prefer to eat their stew with another type of ampesi (any starchy food that is boiled in pieces), such as yam, coco-yam or plantain (boiled in its green, unripe state). If the master of the household is sufficiently assertive he may well order that the boiled cassava be mixed with boiled plantain and pounded into fufuw. The pounding, heavy work which some women have to perform twice a day, is done in alarge wooden mortar (wodur) with a large wooden pestle (wombci) until the substance becomes quite tough and doughy. It is then shaped into round lumps, the size of which relates to the age and status of the eater, and consumed with a soup. Most farm households keep some chickens, sheep or goats and occasionally pigs. On the whole these animals are rather skinny as they are neverreally 'reared' in the sense of being purposefully fed. Neither penned nor herded, they are left to their own devices, feeding on left-overs and waste, on corpses of dead animals and even on excrement. It is because these animals run freely that one comes across fenced-in garden plots in the immediate vicinity of settlements. The slaughtering of an animal mostly has to await some special occasion, and as catching an antelope which may get caught in the traps with which farmers surround their maize fields, does not occur every day, meat is not a regular part of meals. The supply of protein is ensured in the form of smoked, dried or 'stinking' fish, 16 but this is not a subsistence food and has to be bought in the market. The same holds almost invariably for palm oil which is the indispensable basic component of every cooked dish. But household consumption now contains many items which can only by acquired through the market. [In these pages we have examined the labour process in which peasants in Southern Ghana are involved, including work done in the preparation of food, something which is often ignored by outside observers. We must now move to a wider sphere, that of the basic social relations within which the 12
labour process itself is encapsulated. As suggested in Chapter I, the first consideration here must be to establish an adequate theoretical base for our subsequent analysis of such matters as land tenure.] i) 13
Page 1: · 1\\m\I~\II~~\IIII~\i!~\\\! t~~es
Page 4 and 5: The views expressed in this publica
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research coul
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTORY NOTE When Emile Vercru
Page 11 and 12: I A BRIEF INTRODUCTION 10 THE PROBL
Page 13 and 14: agricultural productivity has reach
Page 15: Notes 1. Keith Griffin (1979) has c
Page 18 and 19: Most fallow land around Abura-Dunkw
Page 20 and 21: field which has been reaped; in the
Page 24 and 25: Notes I. Quotations in this paragra
Page 27 and 28: HI ON THE SOClIAL RELATIONS OF PEAS
Page 29 and 30: - whether or not they have control
Page 31 and 32: tion was transformed into the tribu
Page 33 and 34: ges in exploitation and exploiters
Page 35 and 36: of a state government, both involve
Page 37 and 38: other words, exploitation is now in
Page 39 and 40: There is now fairly general recogni
Page 41 and 42: must now move to a much more concre
Page 43 and 44: 12. According to Christensen (1954:
Page 45 and 46: IV AKAN LAND TENURE ARRANGEMENTS: A
Page 47 and 48: most if not all accounts of customa
Page 49 and 50: person (usually, but not always, a
Page 51 and 52: land. This intervening role ofthe e
Page 53 and 54: deemed abandoned after non-occupati
Page 55 and 56: Ch.III; Reindorf 1895; Kimble 1963)
Page 57 and 58: ered in that it had nearly brought
Page 59 and 60: purposes, and to subjects of other
Page 61 and 62: Notes 1. The first edition of Mensa
Page 63 and 64: v THEABURA-DUNKWA FAMILY LANDS AND
Page 65 and 66: anyone to acquire a right to farmla
Page 67 and 68: Equally, the land held (or claimed)
Page 69 and 70: eiterated that, consequent on their
Page 71 and 72: admitting that Nana Quansah was the
Page 73 and 74:
emotions than anything else because
Page 75 and 76:
Cape Coast where the case was down
Page 77 and 78:
for him must be cancelled: It must
Page 79 and 80:
Adwenadze: present-day descendants
Page 81 and 82:
TableS: The Nnamfodo Lands and Thei
Page 83 and 84:
It may be useful to point out that
Page 85 and 86:
land (specifically: Kukubir 1 and 2
Page 87 and 88:
6 . Swearing an oath to an Akan mea
Page 89:
20. As we have explained in Ch.I1,
Page 92 and 93:
homogeneous in terms of quality (gr
Page 94 and 95:
tion of sample cases over the four
Page 96 and 97:
(Dawurampon) is all there is availa
Page 98 and 99:
4. Auxiliary Rules for Allocating F
Page 100 and 101:
Table 11: Farmers on Family Land of
Page 102 and 103:
portion oftheir own family land may
Page 104 and 105:
From Table 14 we see that apart fro
Page 106 and 107:
together with annual tenancies at l
Page 108 and 109:
- a proportionally larger part of t
Page 110 and 111:
Hypothesis 4: Ignoring the uncultiv
Page 112 and 113:
in the part played in the allocatio
Page 114 and 115:
approval and cooperation of the oth
Page 116 and 117:
7. 'Total Acreage' in Thble 17 refe
Page 119 and 120:
APPENDIX A SOME NOTES ON MFANTSE PO
Page 121 and 122:
1944 - and by then Ghana, or rather
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIXB OVERVIEW OF THE ARUBA-DUN
Page 125 and 126:
NSONAMBUSUA 30. Kodju Dadzie Ekrofu
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIXC RANK CORRELATION BETWEEN
Page 129:
RANK CORRELATION: Calculation rho =
Page 132 and 133:
TnbleA.l Allocation of Farming Righ
Page 135 and 136:
APPENDIXE THE FIELDWORK AND ITS IMP
Page 137 and 138:
extent to which they were under cul
Page 139 and 140:
people could not acquire land throu
Page 141:
2. Results of the farm operations q
Page 144 and 145:
Casely Hayford, J.E. (1903) Gold Co
Page 146 and 147:
O'Brien, J. (1979) The Political Ec
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