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Goodman, R.E. (1980). Introduction to Rock Mechanics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Goto, A. and Taniguchi, H. (2001). Effects of explosion energy and depth to the formation of blast wave and crater: field explosion experiment for the understanding of volcanic explosion. Geophysical Research Letters 28.22: 4287-4290. Gottsmann, J. and Battaglia, M. (2008). Deciphering causes of unrest at explosive collapse calderas: recent advances and future challenges of joint time-lapse gravimetric and ground deformation studies. Developments in Volcanology 10: 417-446. Grady, D.E. and Kipp, M.E. (1987). Dynamic rock fragmentation. Fracture Mechanics of Rock. Kean, Barry ed. London, Academic Press, 429-475. Griffith, A.A. (1921). The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Philsophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 221:163-198. Grocott, J.; Arevalo, C.; Welkner, D.; Cruden, A. (2009). Fault-assisted vertical pluton growth: coastal Cordillera, north Chilean Andes. Journal of the Geological Society, London 166: 295-310. Grosfils, E.B. (2007). Magma reservoir failure on the terrestrial planets: assessing the importance of gravitational loading in simple elastic models. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 166: 47-75. Gudmundsson, A.; Marinoni, L.B,; Marti, J. (1999). Injection of dykes: implications for volcanic hazards. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 88: 1-13. Hanson, R.B., and Barton, M.D. (1989) Thermal development of low-pressure metamorphic belts: Results from two-dimensional numerical models. Journal of Geophysical Research 94: 10,363–10,377. Harris, C. C (1966). On the role of energy in comminution: a review of physical and mathematical principles. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy: Transactions - Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 75: 37-56. Harris, C.C. (1968). Application of size distribution equations to multi-event comminution processes. Transactions of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Incorporated 241: 343-358. Hart, S. (1964). The petrology and isotropic-mineral age relations of a contact zone in the front range, Colorado. The Journal of Geology 72.5: 493-525. 125
Hartmann, W.K. (1969). Terrestrial, lunar, and interplanetary rock fragmentation. Icarus 10: 201-213. Hayashi, Y. and Morita, Y. (2003). An image of a magma intrusion process inferred from precise hypocentral migrations of the earthquake swarm east of the Izu Peninsula. Geophysics Journal International 153: 159-174. Hawkins, A.T. and Johnson, S.E. (2004). Apparent brecciation gradient, Mount Desert Island, Maine. American Geophysical Union, Spring meeting, abstract#V21A-03. Hedervari, P. (1963). On the energy and magnitude of volcanic eruptions. Bulletin Volcanologique: organe de la Section de Volcanologie de l’Union ge’ode’sique et pe’ophysique international 25.1: 373-385. Heffington, W.F. (1982). Volcanic Energy. Energy 7.8: 717-719. Higgins, M. D. (2000). Measurement of crystal size distributions. American MineralogistI 85: 1105-1116. Hodge, D.S.; Abbey, D.A.; Harbin, M.A.; Patterson, J.L.; Ring, M.J; Sweeney, J.F. (1982). Gravity studies of subsurface mass distributions of granitic rocks in Maine and New Hampshire. American Journal of Science 282: 1289-1324. Hoek, E. and Brown, E.T. (1997). Practical estimates of rock mass strength. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 34.8: 1165- 1186. Hogan, J.P. and Sinha, A.K. (1989). Compositional variation of plutonism in the coastal Maine magmatic province: mode of origin and tectonic setting, in Tucker, R.D., and Marvinney, R.G., eds., Studies of Maine geology, volume 4: Igneous and metamorphic geology. Maine Geological Survey, Department of Conservation, p. 1-33. Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (1998) An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16:309-343. Huber, C.; Bachmann, O.; Manga, M. (2009). Homogenization processes in silicic magma chambers by stirring and mushification (latent heat buffering). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 283: 38-47. Ivanov, A.G.; Raevskii, V.A. Vorontsova, O.S. (1995). Explosive fragmentation of Materials. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 31.2: 211-215. 126
Page 1 and 2:
FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND THERMAL-ELASTI
Page 3 and 4:
LIBRARY RIGHTS STATEMENT In present
Page 5 and 6:
emplacement of mafic magma, resulti
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© 2011 Samuel Geoffrey Roy All Rig
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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5.3.5. Clast Circularity Analysis .
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Figure
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LIST OF TABLES Table 6.1. Table 7.1
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subvolcanic magmatic systems, the l
Page 19 and 20:
Chapter 2 GEOLOGIC SETTING 2.1. Reg
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Somesville granite suite to the wes
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Biotite is metamorphic in origin, a
Page 25 and 26:
Chapter 3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF S
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thinned lithosphere allows for part
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A B C Figure 3.1. Formation of a la
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1997; Branney and Kokelaar, 1998; J
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Effusive-Type Eruption max 10 0 - 1
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magma quickly intrudes the develope
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Piston Downsag Piecemeal Funnel Tra
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fragmentation, and thermal energy h
Page 41 and 42:
Chapter 4 THERMAL FRAMEWORK FOR CON
Page 43 and 44:
contrast, conduction is heat transf
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A B Grt C Grt D Crd Crd E 1 mm F Cr
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! ! ! ! Biotite Zone Garnet Zone !
Page 49 and 50:
4.3.1. Model Setup The model is use
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to make a “hockey puck” style g
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t = 0s t = 1E11 t = 1E12s t = 1E13s
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850 750 650 550 450 400m Into Chamb
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approximately 140m thinner. The Sha
Page 59 and 60:
Chapter 5 ROCK MECHANICS AND THE FR
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A β δ σ 1 σ 3 σ t c a σ 1 σ
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friction along the closed crack sur
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h h/2 h/4 Figure 5.2. A cube displa
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where N (≥r) is the count of clas
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to place a minimum size limit when
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moment of sudden fracture tip failu
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produced results in a self-similar
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13 ln(area) (pixels) 12 11 10 9 ln(
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eaction processes were involved in
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 6 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The
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Type 1 Type 2 500 m N Type 1 Type 2
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A B Figure 6.3. Type 2 Shatter Zone
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A B Figure 6.5. Centimeter-scale bo
Page 87 and 88:
A B Figure 6.6. Brecciation texture
Page 89 and 90: The final breccia classified in thi
Page 91 and 92: esolution images of each box were s
Page 93 and 94: Clast circularity data were produce
Page 95 and 96: A 1000 Clast Size Distribu on: Type
Page 97 and 98: diorite dike with D s = 2.62 and R
Page 99 and 100: 6.3.3. Clast Circularity Analysis (
Page 101 and 102: with decreasing clast size in all T
Page 103 and 104: possibilities as postulated previou
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 7 MECHANISMS FOR SECONDARY
Page 107 and 108: magma. To prove the viability of th
Page 109 and 110: mesh to better evaluate large therm
Page 111 and 112: consistent with Type 3 breccias. Th
Page 113 and 114: A temperature versus time plot was
Page 115 and 116: Dimensionless time 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
Page 117 and 118: Figure 7.4 displays model results f
Page 119 and 120: thermal model ignores advection of
Page 121 and 122: Zone experienced a relatively weake
Page 123 and 124: 7.4. Thermal-Induced Fracture Field
Page 125 and 126: Metapelite/hornfels Diorite dike E
Page 127 and 128: 7.4.2. Results and Discussion COMSO
Page 129 and 130: This thermal fracture model explain
Page 131 and 132: disaggregation of Bar Harbor clasts
Page 133 and 134: REFERENCES Acocella, V. (2007). Und
Page 135 and 136: Billen, M.I. and Gurnis, M. (2001).
Page 137 and 138: Clarke, D. B. (2007). Assimilation
Page 139: Fisher, R.V. (1960). Classification
Page 143 and 144: Johnson, S.E.; Paterson, S.R.; Tate
Page 145 and 146: Mandelbrot, B.B. (1967). How long i
Page 147 and 148: Oliver, N.H.S.; Rubenach, M.J.; Fu,
Page 149 and 150: Schoutens, J.E. (1979). Empirical A
Page 151 and 152: Wiebe, R.; Holden, J.; Coombs, M.;
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