sgr ms thesis - University of Maine

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Figure 6.9. An outcrop grid used for fractal analysis. The 30x25cm grid is lain over the well exposed outcrop and a picture is taken for each rectangle. Images are then later stitched together in a drafting program to perform manual clast boundary tracing. 77
Clast circularity data were produced in NIH ImageJ using equation (5.11). Clast frequency plots were produced using a 0.05 circularity interval for 0.1-1cm, 1-10cm, and >10cm clast radius intervals. 6.3. Data 6.3.1. Clast Size Distribution (CSD) Data A total sample size of 14 imaged outcrops yielding 12,732 clasts with size ranges spanning 3 orders of magnitude (0.1-40cm) was used for CSD analysis. Types 1-3 of the Shatter Zone are represented and results are shown in Figures 6.10 and 6.11. Data are shown in Table 6.1. Type 1 Shatter Zone shows a bifractal distribution, or two observed power law distributions divided by a slope breakpoint, with an average D s value of 3.027 above clast radius of 1.25cm and 1.5 for clasts below. The R 2 values for these two distributions are 0.9868 above the breakpoint and 0.9778 below. The curve for Type 1 represents 1,519 clasts from four outcrop grids with a size range of 0.1-23.4cm. Type 1 has 16.1% average matrix component by area. Type 2 has an average D s value of 3.166 above clast radius of 1.52 cm and D s = 1.875 below. The bifractal R 2 values for the Type 2 distribution are 0.9932 above and 0.9865 below the breakpoint. The total sample size for Type 2 is 5538 outlined clasts from four outcrop with a size range of 0.1-13.02cm. Type 2 has 34.4% average matrix component by area. Clast size populations in Type 3 Shatter Zone are divided by rock type due to the marked increase in diorite dike clast abundance. These results show the 78
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FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND THERMAL-ELASTI
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LIBRARY RIGHTS STATEMENT In present
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emplacement of mafic magma, resulti
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© 2011 Samuel Geoffrey Roy All Rig
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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5.3.5. Clast Circularity Analysis .
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Figure
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LIST OF TABLES Table 6.1. Table 7.1
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subvolcanic magmatic systems, the l
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Chapter 2 GEOLOGIC SETTING 2.1. Reg
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Somesville granite suite to the wes
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Biotite is metamorphic in origin, a
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Chapter 3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF S
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thinned lithosphere allows for part
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A B C Figure 3.1. Formation of a la
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1997; Branney and Kokelaar, 1998; J
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Effusive-Type Eruption max 10 0 - 1
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magma quickly intrudes the develope
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Piston Downsag Piecemeal Funnel Tra
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fragmentation, and thermal energy h
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 4 THERMAL FRAMEWORK FOR CON
Page 43 and 44: contrast, conduction is heat transf
Page 45 and 46: A B Grt C Grt D Crd Crd E 1 mm F Cr
Page 47 and 48: ! ! ! ! Biotite Zone Garnet Zone !
Page 49 and 50: 4.3.1. Model Setup The model is use
Page 51 and 52: to make a “hockey puck” style g
Page 53 and 54: t = 0s t = 1E11 t = 1E12s t = 1E13s
Page 55 and 56: 850 750 650 550 450 400m Into Chamb
Page 57 and 58: approximately 140m thinner. The Sha
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 5 ROCK MECHANICS AND THE FR
Page 61 and 62: A β δ σ 1 σ 3 σ t c a σ 1 σ
Page 63 and 64: friction along the closed crack sur
Page 65 and 66: h h/2 h/4 Figure 5.2. A cube displa
Page 67 and 68: where N (≥r) is the count of clas
Page 69 and 70: to place a minimum size limit when
Page 71 and 72: moment of sudden fracture tip failu
Page 73 and 74: produced results in a self-similar
Page 75 and 76: 13 ln(area) (pixels) 12 11 10 9 ln(
Page 77 and 78: eaction processes were involved in
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 6 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The
Page 81 and 82: Type 1 Type 2 500 m N Type 1 Type 2
Page 83 and 84: A B Figure 6.3. Type 2 Shatter Zone
Page 85 and 86: A B Figure 6.5. Centimeter-scale bo
Page 87 and 88: A B Figure 6.6. Brecciation texture
Page 89 and 90: The final breccia classified in thi
Page 91: esolution images of each box were s
Page 95 and 96: A 1000 Clast Size Distribu on: Type
Page 97 and 98: diorite dike with D s = 2.62 and R
Page 99 and 100: 6.3.3. Clast Circularity Analysis (
Page 101 and 102: with decreasing clast size in all T
Page 103 and 104: possibilities as postulated previou
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 7 MECHANISMS FOR SECONDARY
Page 107 and 108: magma. To prove the viability of th
Page 109 and 110: mesh to better evaluate large therm
Page 111 and 112: consistent with Type 3 breccias. Th
Page 113 and 114: A temperature versus time plot was
Page 115 and 116: Dimensionless time 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
Page 117 and 118: Figure 7.4 displays model results f
Page 119 and 120: thermal model ignores advection of
Page 121 and 122: Zone experienced a relatively weake
Page 123 and 124: 7.4. Thermal-Induced Fracture Field
Page 125 and 126: Metapelite/hornfels Diorite dike E
Page 127 and 128: 7.4.2. Results and Discussion COMSO
Page 129 and 130: This thermal fracture model explain
Page 131 and 132: disaggregation of Bar Harbor clasts
Page 133 and 134: REFERENCES Acocella, V. (2007). Und
Page 135 and 136: Billen, M.I. and Gurnis, M. (2001).
Page 137 and 138: Clarke, D. B. (2007). Assimilation
Page 139 and 140: Fisher, R.V. (1960). Classification
Page 141 and 142: Hartmann, W.K. (1969). Terrestrial,
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Johnson, S.E.; Paterson, S.R.; Tate
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Mandelbrot, B.B. (1967). How long i
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Oliver, N.H.S.; Rubenach, M.J.; Fu,
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Schoutens, J.E. (1979). Empirical A
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Wiebe, R.; Holden, J.; Coombs, M.;
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