sgr ms thesis - University of Maine

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Lama, R.D. and Vutukuri, V.S. (1978). Handbook on mechanical properties of rocks: Testing techniques and results, volume 2. Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics 3.1, Trans Tech Publications, Clausthal, Germany. Laznicka, P. (1988). Breccias and Coarse Fragmentites: Petrology, Environments, Associations, Ores. Developments in Economic Geology 25, Elsevier, New York. Legros, F. and Kelfoun, K. (2000). Sustained blasts during large volcanic eruptions. Geology 28.10: 895-898. Lipman, P.W. (1984). The roots of ash-flow calderas in western North America; windows into the tops of granitic batholiths. Journal of Geophysical Research 89: 8801– 8841. Lipman, P.W. (1997). Subsidence of ash-flow calderas: relation to caldera size and magma chamber geometry. Bulletin of Volcanology 59: 198-218. Lipman, P.W. (2007). Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers: evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field. Geosphere 3.1: 42-70. Lorenz, V. and Kurszlaukis, S. (2007). Root zone processes in the phreatomagmatic pipe emplacement model and consequences for the evolution of maar-diatreme volcanoes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 159: 4-32. Lorilleux, G.; Jebrak, M.; Cuney, M.; Baudemont, D. (2002). Polyphase hydrothermal breccias associated with unconformity-related uranium mineralization (Canada): from fractal analysis to structural significance. Journal of Structural Geology 24: 323-338. Lyubetskaya, T. and Ague, J. (2009). Effect of metamorphic reactions on thermal evolution in collisional orogens. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27: 579- 600. Macias, J.L.; Arce, J.L.; Mora, J.C.; Espindola, J.M.; Saucedo, R. (2003). A 550 year-old Plinian eruption at El Chichon Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: explosive volcanism linked to reheating of the magma reservoir. Journal of Geophysical Research 108.B12: 1-18. Mader, H.M.; Zhang, Y.; Phillips, J.C.; Sparks, R.S.J.; Sturtevant, B.; Stopler, E. (1994). Experimental simulations of explosive degassing of magma. Nature 372.3: 85-88. 129
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Page 1 and 2:
FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND THERMAL-ELASTI
Page 3 and 4:
LIBRARY RIGHTS STATEMENT In present
Page 5 and 6:
emplacement of mafic magma, resulti
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© 2011 Samuel Geoffrey Roy All Rig
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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5.3.5. Clast Circularity Analysis .
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Figure
Page 15 and 16:
LIST OF TABLES Table 6.1. Table 7.1
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subvolcanic magmatic systems, the l
Page 19 and 20:
Chapter 2 GEOLOGIC SETTING 2.1. Reg
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Somesville granite suite to the wes
Page 23 and 24:
Biotite is metamorphic in origin, a
Page 25 and 26:
Chapter 3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF S
Page 27 and 28:
thinned lithosphere allows for part
Page 29 and 30:
A B C Figure 3.1. Formation of a la
Page 31 and 32:
1997; Branney and Kokelaar, 1998; J
Page 33 and 34:
Effusive-Type Eruption max 10 0 - 1
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magma quickly intrudes the develope
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Piston Downsag Piecemeal Funnel Tra
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fragmentation, and thermal energy h
Page 41 and 42:
Chapter 4 THERMAL FRAMEWORK FOR CON
Page 43 and 44:
contrast, conduction is heat transf
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A B Grt C Grt D Crd Crd E 1 mm F Cr
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! ! ! ! Biotite Zone Garnet Zone !
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4.3.1. Model Setup The model is use
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to make a “hockey puck” style g
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t = 0s t = 1E11 t = 1E12s t = 1E13s
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850 750 650 550 450 400m Into Chamb
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approximately 140m thinner. The Sha
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Chapter 5 ROCK MECHANICS AND THE FR
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A β δ σ 1 σ 3 σ t c a σ 1 σ
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friction along the closed crack sur
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h h/2 h/4 Figure 5.2. A cube displa
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where N (≥r) is the count of clas
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to place a minimum size limit when
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moment of sudden fracture tip failu
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produced results in a self-similar
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13 ln(area) (pixels) 12 11 10 9 ln(
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eaction processes were involved in
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 6 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The
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Type 1 Type 2 500 m N Type 1 Type 2
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A B Figure 6.3. Type 2 Shatter Zone
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A B Figure 6.5. Centimeter-scale bo
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A B Figure 6.6. Brecciation texture
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The final breccia classified in thi
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esolution images of each box were s
Page 93 and 94: Clast circularity data were produce
Page 95 and 96: A 1000 Clast Size Distribu on: Type
Page 97 and 98: diorite dike with D s = 2.62 and R
Page 99 and 100: 6.3.3. Clast Circularity Analysis (
Page 101 and 102: with decreasing clast size in all T
Page 103 and 104: possibilities as postulated previou
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 7 MECHANISMS FOR SECONDARY
Page 107 and 108: magma. To prove the viability of th
Page 109 and 110: mesh to better evaluate large therm
Page 111 and 112: consistent with Type 3 breccias. Th
Page 113 and 114: A temperature versus time plot was
Page 115 and 116: Dimensionless time 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
Page 117 and 118: Figure 7.4 displays model results f
Page 119 and 120: thermal model ignores advection of
Page 121 and 122: Zone experienced a relatively weake
Page 123 and 124: 7.4. Thermal-Induced Fracture Field
Page 125 and 126: Metapelite/hornfels Diorite dike E
Page 127 and 128: 7.4.2. Results and Discussion COMSO
Page 129 and 130: This thermal fracture model explain
Page 131 and 132: disaggregation of Bar Harbor clasts
Page 133 and 134: REFERENCES Acocella, V. (2007). Und
Page 135 and 136: Billen, M.I. and Gurnis, M. (2001).
Page 137 and 138: Clarke, D. B. (2007). Assimilation
Page 139 and 140: Fisher, R.V. (1960). Classification
Page 141 and 142: Hartmann, W.K. (1969). Terrestrial,
Page 143: Johnson, S.E.; Paterson, S.R.; Tate
Page 147 and 148: Oliver, N.H.S.; Rubenach, M.J.; Fu,
Page 149 and 150: Schoutens, J.E. (1979). Empirical A
Page 151 and 152: Wiebe, R.; Holden, J.; Coombs, M.;
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