sgr ms thesis - University of Maine

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this thesis was made possible through the financial support from the National Science Foundation (EAR-0810039, EAR-0911150, and MRI-0820946), the Society of Economic Geologists, and University of Maine Graduate Student Government. I thank my advisor, Scott E. Johnson, for the opportunity to work on a unique project and to allow me the freedom to pursue my own interests within the project. My research and my development as a scientist benefited greatly from discussions with my advisory committee members Peter Koons, Christopher Gerbi, and Zhihe Jin. The professional attitude of my committee and the openness of discussions stemming from my research gave me the direction I needed to keep on track. I would also like to thank the Department of Earth Sciences, which has been an integral part of my life both in my undergraduate and graduate career. I am thankful for the positive support given by the faculty, staff, and my fellow graduate students. I want to thank all of my friends for the wonderful memories and experiences in and out of the classroom. Most importantly, I want to thank my fiancée Teagan for putting up with my eccentricities. I couldn’t have made it this far without her love and support! iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 2. GEOLOGIC SETTING .................................................................................... 4 2.1. Regional Geology: The Coastal Maine Magmatic Province ...................... 4 2.2. Cadillac Mountain Intrusive Complex ........................................................ 4 2.3. Bar Harbor Formation ............................................................................... 7 2.4. Shatter Zone ............................................................................................. 8 3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF SUBVOLCANIC SYSTEMS ........................ 10 3.1. Magma Plumbing Systems ..................................................................... 11 3.1.1. Generation and Transport of Magma ............................................. 11 3.1.2. Emplacement and Growth of Magma Chambers ........................... 13 3.2. Subsurface Response to Volcanic Eruption ............................................ 15 3.2.1. The Mechanical Behavior of Wall Rock as a Control for Eruption Behavior: from Magma Storage to Volcanic Eruption ..... 16 3.2.2. Volcanic Triggers and Chamber Rupture in a Rigid Reservoir ...... 19 3.2.3. Evidence for Wall Rock Readjustment in Modern Volcanoes ........ 23 v
Page 1 and 2: FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND THERMAL-ELASTI
Page 3 and 4: LIBRARY RIGHTS STATEMENT In present
Page 5 and 6: emplacement of mafic magma, resulti
Page 7: © 2011 Samuel Geoffrey Roy All Rig
Page 11 and 12: 5.3.5. Clast Circularity Analysis .
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Figure
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF TABLES Table 6.1. Table 7.1
Page 17 and 18: subvolcanic magmatic systems, the l
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 GEOLOGIC SETTING 2.1. Reg
Page 21 and 22: Somesville granite suite to the wes
Page 23 and 24: Biotite is metamorphic in origin, a
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF S
Page 27 and 28: thinned lithosphere allows for part
Page 29 and 30: A B C Figure 3.1. Formation of a la
Page 31 and 32: 1997; Branney and Kokelaar, 1998; J
Page 33 and 34: Effusive-Type Eruption max 10 0 - 1
Page 35 and 36: magma quickly intrudes the develope
Page 37 and 38: Piston Downsag Piecemeal Funnel Tra
Page 39 and 40: fragmentation, and thermal energy h
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 4 THERMAL FRAMEWORK FOR CON
Page 43 and 44: contrast, conduction is heat transf
Page 45 and 46: A B Grt C Grt D Crd Crd E 1 mm F Cr
Page 47 and 48: ! ! ! ! Biotite Zone Garnet Zone !
Page 49 and 50: 4.3.1. Model Setup The model is use
Page 51 and 52: to make a “hockey puck” style g
Page 53 and 54: t = 0s t = 1E11 t = 1E12s t = 1E13s
Page 55 and 56: 850 750 650 550 450 400m Into Chamb
Page 57 and 58: approximately 140m thinner. The Sha
Page 59 and 60:
Chapter 5 ROCK MECHANICS AND THE FR
Page 61 and 62:
A β δ σ 1 σ 3 σ t c a σ 1 σ
Page 63 and 64:
friction along the closed crack sur
Page 65 and 66:
h h/2 h/4 Figure 5.2. A cube displa
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where N (≥r) is the count of clas
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to place a minimum size limit when
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moment of sudden fracture tip failu
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produced results in a self-similar
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13 ln(area) (pixels) 12 11 10 9 ln(
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eaction processes were involved in
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Chapter 6 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The
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Type 1 Type 2 500 m N Type 1 Type 2
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A B Figure 6.3. Type 2 Shatter Zone
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A B Figure 6.5. Centimeter-scale bo
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A B Figure 6.6. Brecciation texture
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The final breccia classified in thi
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esolution images of each box were s
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Clast circularity data were produce
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A 1000 Clast Size Distribu on: Type
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diorite dike with D s = 2.62 and R
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6.3.3. Clast Circularity Analysis (
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with decreasing clast size in all T
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possibilities as postulated previou
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Chapter 7 MECHANISMS FOR SECONDARY
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magma. To prove the viability of th
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mesh to better evaluate large therm
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consistent with Type 3 breccias. Th
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A temperature versus time plot was
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Dimensionless time 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
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Figure 7.4 displays model results f
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thermal model ignores advection of
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Zone experienced a relatively weake
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7.4. Thermal-Induced Fracture Field
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Metapelite/hornfels Diorite dike E
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7.4.2. Results and Discussion COMSO
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This thermal fracture model explain
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disaggregation of Bar Harbor clasts
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REFERENCES Acocella, V. (2007). Und
Page 135 and 136:
Billen, M.I. and Gurnis, M. (2001).
Page 137 and 138:
Clarke, D. B. (2007). Assimilation
Page 139 and 140:
Fisher, R.V. (1960). Classification
Page 141 and 142:
Hartmann, W.K. (1969). Terrestrial,
Page 143 and 144:
Johnson, S.E.; Paterson, S.R.; Tate
Page 145 and 146:
Mandelbrot, B.B. (1967). How long i
Page 147 and 148:
Oliver, N.H.S.; Rubenach, M.J.; Fu,
Page 149 and 150:
Schoutens, J.E. (1979). Empirical A
Page 151 and 152:
Wiebe, R.; Holden, J.; Coombs, M.;
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