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PART 6 EXCAVATIONS INCLUDING (QUARRY FACES), TIPS AND LAGOONS (6) The operator shall ensure that - (a) (b) any significant findings, and any conclusions reached and the reasons for those conclusions made under an appraisal or a site investigation pursuant to this Regulation are recorded by the competent person or the geotechnical specialist, as the case may be. An appraisal is intended to be a straightforward exercise to determine which excavations tips and lagoons, proposed or existing, would pose a significant risk if they failed, or in the case of a tip or lagoon, move significantly more than that allowed in the design, and so merit an assessment by a geotechnical specialist. The relationship between the appraisal and assessment are illustrated in the flow chart in figure 43. Some appraisals will only identify those hazards from isolated minor failures, such as falls of a single rock or a small amount of sand. A geotechnical assessment does not focus on such hazards. While isolated falls of ground can be serious, they can generally be rectified immediately and be adequately controlled by routine daily inspection, use of appropriate equipment and working methods. The appraisal should be carried out with enough detail and sufficient expertise to decide, on the basis of the guidance in this Section, if an excavation, tip or lagoon poses a significant risk from collapse or movement. It is not normally necessary for appraisals to be carried out by a geotechnical specialist, though advice from one is appropriate where the level of hazard is unclear. When carrying out an appraisal there is no need to duplicate work already done, as long as all the matters detailed in this Section are adequately addressed. In some cases it is obvious that any failure of an excavation, tip or lagoon could prove fatal, for example, an excavation, or tip or lagoon near a public roadway, house or above quarry offices. In these cases the initial appraisal can be very brief as a geotechnical assessment by a geotechnical specialist will be needed. Areas where no one is at risk from a collapse of part of an excavation must be included in the appraisal because failure in such areas could affect the stability of the remainder of the excavations. Appraisal of such areas may also provide information relevant to the safety of other parts of the excavation. Among other things, the appraisal should take account of the material to be excavated or tipped, its structure, water content/drainage, the proximity of watercourses, roadways, workplaces, residential accommodation or abandoned workings, and any evidence or history failures.The matters covered in inspections are also relevant. Significant hazard To determine if the hazard is significant or potentially significant it is necessary to consider how an excavation, tip or lagoon might feasibly fail and the likely consequences of any such failure. The likely consequences are crucial when deciding if a particular hazard is significant. The probability of such a failure actually happening is not relevant in this context. The consequences depend on the likely scale of the failure and the area that could be affected by it, and whether people are likely to be injured. The hazard should be considered significant or potentially significant if such a failure would directly or indirectly, be: liable to endanger premises, roadways or other places where people are likely to be found offsite; or likely to cause serious or fatal injuries to persons on or off-site. If the degree of hazard is not clear and the excavation, tip or lagoon is not in the categories described in the “Excavations” or “Tips/Lagoons” Sections overleaf, the advice of a geotechnical specialist should be sought. Where a geotechnical specialist has been involved in design work or in geotechnical assessments he or she may provide written, practical guidance on what constitutes a significant hazard or potential significant hazard in the context of that particular site. Any such guidance should explain the basis on which it was produced. 74 SAFE QUARRY GUIDELINES TO THE SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE AT WORK (QUARRIES) REGULATIONS 2008
PART 6 EXCAVATIONS INCLUDING (QUARRY FACES), TIPS AND LAGOONS Figure 40: Flowchart of the appraisal & assessments of excavations, tips and lagoons (Competent Person) Does/ will the proposed or existing excavation, tip or lagoon create a significant (or potential significant)hazard on or off site? Review APPRAISAL No Yes Carry out next appraisal when specified or in the event of change or discovery likely to significantly increase hazard. No Does the geotechnical specialist agree that the hazard is likely to be significant? Or face height exceeds 20m? Yes Complete geotechnical assessment Prepare/review design & working methods, rules, inspection scheme/reports Identify any necessary remedial measures Prepare report Geotechnical assessment Carry out next assessment when specified or in the event of change or discovery likely to significantly increase hazard SAFE QUARRY GUIDELINES TO THE SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE AT WORK (QUARRIES) REGULATIONS 2008 75
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