CHAPTER X CHAPTER 4 - Cancer et environnement
CHAPTER X CHAPTER 4 - Cancer et environnement
CHAPTER X CHAPTER 4 - Cancer et environnement
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Tumours of paratesticular structures<br />
C.J. Davis<br />
P.J. Woodward<br />
L.P. Dehner<br />
M.A. Jones<br />
J.R. Srigley<br />
I.A. Sesterhenn<br />
W.L. Gerald<br />
M. Mi<strong>et</strong>tinen<br />
J.F. F<strong>et</strong>sch<br />
Adenomatoid tumour<br />
Definition<br />
A benign tumour of mesothelial cells<br />
characterized by numerous gland-like<br />
spaces, tubules or cords.<br />
Synonym<br />
Benign mesothelioma.<br />
ICD-O code 9054/0<br />
Incidence<br />
Adenomatoid tumours are the most common<br />
tumours of the testicular adnexa,<br />
representing 32% of all tumours in this<br />
location {287,1800} and 60% of all<br />
benign neoplasms in this area {2664}.<br />
Clinical features<br />
Signs and symptoms<br />
These begin to appear in the late teens<br />
and up to 79 years and most are seen in<br />
A<br />
the third through the fifth decades (mean<br />
age 36 years) {1800}. They present as<br />
small, solid intrascrotal tumours, and are<br />
usually asymptomatic. They have typically<br />
been present for several years without<br />
appreciable growth and are uniformly<br />
benign {1800,2664}.<br />
Imaging<br />
Adenomatoid tumours are smooth,<br />
round, and well circumscribed masses of<br />
variable size generally arising in the epididymis.<br />
They are typically described as<br />
hyperechoic and homogeneous. This<br />
should not, however, be considered<br />
characteristic as great variability has<br />
been reported {801,1475}. The most<br />
important point is to clearly identify the<br />
mass as extratesticular and if it can be<br />
shown to be arising from the epididymis,<br />
adenomatoid tumour is the most likely<br />
diagnosis. They may also arise from the<br />
spermatic cord and tunica albuginea,<br />
Fig. 4.94 Adenomatoid tumour. A Longitudinal ultrasound image shows a well defined, slightly hypoechoic,<br />
extratesticular mass in the region of the epididymal tail (cursors). (T - testis). B Coronal, gadolinium<br />
enhanced, T1-weighted MR image of scrotum shows an enhancing mass in the left epididymal head (black<br />
arrow). The epididymis on the right is normal (white arrow). (T - testes).<br />
B<br />
where they can grow intratesticularly. The<br />
latter presentation is indistinguishable<br />
from testicular germ cell neoplasms.<br />
Localization<br />
Most of these occur in or near the lower<br />
pole or upper pole of the epididymis but<br />
other sites include the body of the epididymis,<br />
the tunica vaginalis, tunica<br />
albuginea and r<strong>et</strong>e testis. Rarely the pari<strong>et</strong>al<br />
tunica or spermatic cord may be<br />
involved {1800}.<br />
Macroscopy and histopathology<br />
These are usually small tumours, 2.0 cm<br />
or less, but they have ranged from 0.4 to<br />
5.0 cm {2051}. They are round or oval<br />
and well circumscribed although they<br />
can also be flattened and plaque-like.<br />
Microscopically these consist of<br />
eosinophilic mesothelial cells forming<br />
solid cords as well as dilated tubules with<br />
flattened lining cells which may initially<br />
suggest an endothelial appearance<br />
{166}. Vacuolated cytoplasm is a prominent<br />
feature of the cells. The stroma is<br />
usually fibrous but may consist largely of<br />
smooth muscle.<br />
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical<br />
features of these tumours support their<br />
mesothelial cell origin. There is an<br />
absence of epithelial/carcinoma markers<br />
MOC-31, Ber-Ep4, CEA, B72.3, LEA 135<br />
and Leu M1 and also factor VIII and<br />
CD34. They invariably express cytokeratin<br />
AE1/AE3 and EMA {586,589}.<br />
Malignant mesothelioma<br />
Definition<br />
Malignant tumours originating from the<br />
tunica vaginalis or tunica albuginea.<br />
ICD-O code 9050/3<br />
A<br />
Fig. 4.95 Adenomatoid tumour. A Adenomatoid tumour protruding into the testis. B Paratesticular adenomatoid<br />
tumour.<br />
B<br />
Incidence<br />
Intrascrotal mesotheliomas are invariably<br />
described as rare although they are the<br />
most common paratesticular malignancies<br />
after the soft tissue sarcomas<br />
{287,1239,2051}. As of the year 2002<br />
Tumours of paratesticular structures 267