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MEASURING HERITAGE CONSERVATION PERFORMANCE 6th International Seminar on Urban Conservation We have to imagine that before the construction of the Trapiche buildings and the covered mercado (end of 19 th century), presumably the open market was organized directly at the banks of the Rio Cotinguiba. The western part of the now built-up site has been used by a campus of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) for two years, while the mercado has been in operation since its construction. At the eastern part of the southern riverbank are some commercial houses with one or two storeys, including a former bakery (now under restoration) and another Trapiche (a large hall structure, formerly for storing sugar, etc.) restored for cultural events. At the south side of the large and long square there are three important buildings from the 19 th century: The Paço Municipal, built for the visit of the emperor in 1860 and now the city hall; the Casarão Rollemberg (now under restoration); and at the west end the former Teatro Santo Antônio, which, after some changes, is now used as library for the UFS. The smaller buildings in between with one or two storeys are used for shops, bars, etc. The architecture of the buildings is mostly neat and modest, stamped by flat thin façades with many ribbon windows and doors. This gives a horizontal character and makes a quiet background to the architecture of the public buildings (see Figure 2) The marketplace consists of an addition of wide short streets and larger squares all along the northern city centre with a length of about 180 metres and various widths between 10-25 metres, with a maximum of 40 metres, in total about 8400 square metres, including the mercado). Through the low horizontal façades and the wide space the open blue Figure 1. The market square within the historic town centre, its different accesses and connections. sky becomes a part of the urban character. The huge square also offers various views up to the green hills crowned by white chapels. Although in the middle of today’s centre of Laranjeiras, the built sequence of public spaces is accentuated by a strong environmental impact from the surrounding landscape. Figure 2. Bird’s-eye view of the market and the urban space from the east to the west. [The planned marketsite in the background; not visible: the University buildings (Trapiche), the Mercado building (right) or the Rio Continguiba.] The pavement varies between the later, more comfortable, granite stones (paralelepípedo) at both ends of the place and the former pavement of limestone flags in the middle (see Figure 3), called coração de negro (‘heart of the negro’, following Valladares, 1983) or pé-de-moleque, ‘foot of an urchin’. The plain is subdivided into regular parts by this type of pavement, mostly by vertical inserted stone plates that form direct lines all over the square. Many of these lines are destroyed or nearly invisible. This pavement is probably the first one in Laranjeiras, made in the 19 th century. It characterizes the atmosphere of some other old streets and lanes in the historic centre, but because of its rough structure, variety of size, state and soft consistency, it causes some problems in present standards of use. 2 There are sidewalks along the houses at the south and also at north along the large Trapiche buildings. Since these buildings are constructed on a higher level (probably against flood disasters from the river) they have an inclined, ramp-like apron. Rainwater is collected in deep and roughly constructed and now sometimes destroyed gutters and a few big drains. Maintained trees grow at both ends along the street-like parts, protected by low walls. Along with two isolated lampposts in the middle in front of the mercado, public road lighting is installed along the southern buildings on high posts with lamps that send an over-bright yellow light in Brendle, K. H. 2012. ¿Conservar uma feira livre? Or, preserving dynamic, complex heritage by accenting societal character and sociospatial conceptualization. In Zancheti, S. M. & K. Similä, eds. Measuring heritage conservation performance, pp. 42-52. Rome, ICCROM. 43
MEASURING HERITAGE CONSERVATION PERFORMANCE 6th International Seminar on Urban Conservation the dark. There is nearly no street public equipment like benches etc., only a monument commemorating the city’s foundation. Nevertheless, along the Rua Sagrado Coração de Jesus is a longer balustrade that is the haunt of the people in front of the prefeitura, called murinho (‘little wall’). Figure 3. Feiralivre, the historic pavement and the Mercado building. The commercial town centre is a pedestrian area (the former Rua Direita do Comércio) directly leading to the market square (now called Rua Getúlio Vargas) and contains two small supermarkets, some bars, a bank and several shops. Along both sides of the square are found some simple bars and shops, all the local hardware stores, and also some waste houses or ruins (some of them currently undergoing a kind of ‘reconstruction’). At the east end the main bus station (rodoviária) was built. Sometimes the neighbourhood opposite Trapiche gives shelter to some tables with handicrafts. Besides the prefeitura, the most important building is the listed covered mercado, to be opened at three sides to the market by many wooden doors (see Figure 3). In the western Trapiche buildings leading to the university the main entrance is just outside the market zone, not affecting the popular event. Their many doors are shut everyday, which gives the recently restored buildings a strangely ambivalent character. The mercado is also closed during the week but every door opens widely on market-days. 2. Attainability The realm of the feira livre has many different accesses (see Figure 1). The possible former direct route from the countryside now connects only some areas of simple detached houses with the centre, leading across the river over a small road bridge. Its former direct (visual) importance was probably lost because of the construction of the other bridges the mercado building cuts off in the 19 th century. Today there are two different main access points at the eastern and western end of the market square, by which the people of some suburbs of Laranjeiras and its surrounding villages reach the market. In particular, on Saturdays public buses are organized that wait there for the tour back to the villages, guarding in the meantime the many bags and plastic sacks of purchases and foodstuffs. The southern access is divided among some streets and lanes. Motorized visitors drive mostly into the Rua Sagrado Coração de Jesus. Other consumers who walk to the market mainly use the central pedestrian street, ‘Rua Direita’ as it is still called by the people. A very special inland manner of coming to the market is by mototaxi, or motorcycle. At every access where motorized traffic reaches directly the market, motorcyclists park their vehicles until someone wants to be transported homeward. Another more traditional way of visiting the market is by horse, generally pulling a little wooden cart. Some people still do this and let their horses wait at two common places. We exemplify the variety and details of going to the market in order to expose the various underlying ‘scripts’ emerging into a functional substructure behind the ‘picturesque image of a Brazilian market’, exploring a complex socio-spatial entity. The way back home might be the same but is visibly different because of the many sacks and bags that must be transported. The professional mototaxista offers his backseat to the customer and all purchases are mounted between him and the transported person. People sit waiting on the sidewalks, while someone is searching around for a last article, surrounded by a pack of bags until the taxi or one’s car is loaded with all goods. Many of the pedestrians rent a carregador, who wait at common places for a job. If hired, these young boys follow the customer on the market through the swarm of people and collect every bag, melon, vegetable and other purchase in their metal wheelbarrow (carreta). In the end the consumer is joined by the boy on the way home, sometimes pushing a heavy load. Brendle, K. H. 2012. ¿Conservar uma feira livre? Or, preserving dynamic, complex heritage by accenting societal character and sociospatial conceptualization. In Zancheti, S. M. & K. Similä, eds. Measuring heritage conservation performance, pp. 42-52. Rome, ICCROM. 44
Page 2 and 3:
Silvio Mendes Zancheti Katriina Sim
Page 4 and 5: 6 th International Seminar on Urban
Page 6 and 7: Contents Foreword..................
Page 8 and 9: Monitoring of the state of conserva
Page 10 and 11: Measuring Heritage Conservation Per
Page 12 and 13: Assessing the performance of conser
Page 14 and 15: MEASURING HERITAGE CONSERVATION PER
Page 26 and 27: Conserving and identifying heritage
Page 44 and 45: The Complexity of Historic Garden L
Page 64 and 65: How to register memory? Documentati
Page 70 and 71: Conservation of urban architectural
Page 78 and 79: Assessing the cultural significance
Page 86 and 87: Assessing the cultural significance
Page 100: MEASURING HERITAGE CONSERVATION PER
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