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MEASURING HERITAGE CONSERVATION PERFORMANCE 6th International Seminar on Urban Conservation affordances and combinations that give background and future opportunities. • Regulation potency: The site (‘place’) constitutes certain unofficial rules, customs, arrangements, etc.; maybe as traditions or by ‘self-regulating’ systems; and/or open like a net for further developments. • Time fluidity potency: The site (‘place’) has its ongoing realm and may be regarded as a ‘small’ universe which defines and/or lives its proceedings and ‘being’ (-in-time) within its cultural values. • Unlimitedness potency: The site (‘place’) is structured in different levels, realms, ‘times’ and/or in modules with edges, limits, borders, intervals etc. that inhabit a certain kind of (controlled or open) interface between each other and the entities within and/or ‘outside’. This ability gives opportunities for fluent effects, links and further developments but also a ‘relaxed, soft background’ within the proceedings and between the (built) elements. • Usage potency: The site (‘place’) is essentially occupied by the core significance of its well known uses and associated customs, activities and events including the inherent useful objects and surrounding fabric. This accentuation means a close connection to the society’s reality, scopes and constraints and a necessary substantial openness to future developments. These 10 short (abstract and processual) explanations of qualities of complex places can only be a limited attempt and of course require more scientific, definite surveys. Imagining that all ten qualities are inherent in the combination of social and material factors, the explanations become more practical and closer to reality. Furthermore, when locally adopted, they achieve founding specifications, representing the flow of daily (urban) life. On every level we found those units of social and spatial factors (patterns). The conceptual combination of ‘usage and shape’ helps to differentiate the factors and to keep them together. It widens the understanding of dynamic phenomena in between the dilemma of being protected and enclosing openness to change. Focusing the preservation on built elements is obvious, but these ‘pictures’ are not sufficient to be helpful for the complicated decisions on how to accept or better to conceptualize (design) future necessities and possibilities. If we rely on the results of these processes we may lose the exceptional (design) pre-conditions. On the other hand the recent practice of protecting intangible heritage separately introduces new problems because such heritage might lose its imminent material conditions (see Pinto on farinha, 2005). Complex heritage depends on the unity of ‘hardware and software formations’. By understanding and integrating dynamic factors and social-spatial effects we expand the criterion, making it easier to impart significance and garner political acceptance within the essential ‘lines’ of the preserved and protected heritage. For this we need an adequate, much deeper analysis of what is going on and how it is producing the hardware we are enthusiastic about. Buildings, cities, cultural territories — and feiras — are immanently ‘products and permanent processes’ of social happenings; “The city… [or market]…is a state of mind, a body of customs and traditions, and of organized attitudes and sentiments that inhere in this tradition. The city… [or feira] …is not, in other words, merely a physical mechanism and an artificial construction. It is involved in the vital processes of the people who compose it, it is a product of nature and particularly of human nature” (Park, 1915). 7. …and beyond! Against this background we may discuss the preservation and monitoring of complex heritages; e.g. Dresden. Was the city’s traffic system part of this (former) cultural World Heritage? Of course it was (in history and on the actual maps), but not — I am sure — in an explicit and operant way. There are train paths, a few road bridges (mostly built in ‘modern’ GDR times) over the Elbe river in the heart of the ex-heritage nearby the Elbterrassen. The river itself was and is a ‘traffic artery’. Was anyone thinking of traffic lines as an underlying part of (the history of) the cultural landscape and baroque city? Or how they would develop in future? 8 Or the new planned bridge over the Rhine in the middle of the World Heritage Upper Mittelrhein Valley — maybe it might be a new part of the genuine old European transportation Rhine-artery? In Brazil the extension of ministry buildings is clearly designed and ‘calculated’ to maintain a relationship between single buildings and open space; is it sufficient to keep free just some (important) views throughout the townscape along Brendle, K. H. 2012. ¿Conservar uma feira livre? Or, preserving dynamic, complex heritage by accenting societal character and sociospatial conceptualization. In Zancheti, S. M. & K. Similä, eds. Measuring heritage conservation performance, pp. 42-52. Rome, ICCROM. 49
MEASURING HERITAGE CONSERVATION PERFORMANCE 6th International Seminar on Urban Conservation the diagonal edges of the Praça dos Três Poderes? Or the slight unimportance of the former planned setores centrais; how would it have been possible to enhance and develop them in order to keep them as marked commercial localities, avoiding the visual ‘loudness’ of the nearby later buildings? What, for example, will happen on the Island of Reichenau in southern Germany if the local economic market based on vegetables collapses and the protected green fields surrounding the middle-age churches become endangered? Are we ‘prepared’ by outcomes of a complex analysis, besides a visual-aesthetical and historical comprehension? Or, as in the example of Lübeck’s historic centre where in recent years the most interesting and characteristic postwar buildings (Wiederaufbau-Architektur) were and are still being destroyed because no one takes care of developments later than the building period of the Hanseatic city. The typical postwar urban shape and its buildings were constructed outside the protected Hanseatic areas but are closely surrounded and adapted in a contemporary way to the city’s shape (Brendle, 2004). Is it acceptable to cut off entire parts of the city’s postwar development and history? All these briefly mentioned examples demonstrate that preserved large-scale (world) heritage does not incorporate important items and dynamic qualities like aspects of traffic, functional changes, historical ruptures, actual and basic urban or landscaping parameters although they are ‘entire cultural places’. However, the summary of these influences, historical facts, present usage and cultural attitudes make them important heritage for the world, presenting (built) solutions with specific urban structures and architectural languages. Conclusion The dismantling of Laranjeira’s feira begins slowly when the first fish-sellers pack their things at about 11 o’clock while the fruit stalls look bright in the morning sun. But voices praising the food’s qualities sooner or later get louder and louder. The attention of the costumers gradually changes to the coloured cloths stalls, while the butchers organize their exit. After midday we realize that this feira will come to and end with the week. The very last products get the last chance of being sold, trucks and cars surge into the constellations of stalls; red-overall clad men and women appear to collect the rubbish that has increased substantially in the last two hours. In the late afternoon, sometimes until the shining of the bright street lighting, the spidery constellations of empty tables slowly disappear, here and there, leaving behind a pure urban space. It is still many hours before gradually more and more cars roll between the last market stalls; now in the evening the square belongs to them. Saturday night has come. References Australian ICOMOS. 1999. The Burra Charter. The Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance. (Available at: http: //australia.icomos. org/wp-content/uploads/BURRA_CHARTER.pdf ). Beckett, S. 1963. Wie es ist. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt / Main. Brendle, K. 2010. Profanarchitektur in Schwerin. Bürgerliche Wohnbauten des 18. / 19. Jahrhunderts im Kontext von Gebrauch, Architektur- und Stadtentwicklung. [Profane architecture in Schwerin. Domestic architecture of the 18 th / 19 th centuries in the context of usage, architectural and urban development.] Fernstudium Historische Modul C3. University Lübeck [Eigenverlag], Lübeck. Brendle, K. 2010. Stadt im taumel – Carnavalund stadtgestaltung in Recife. [Giddy city – Carnaval and urban design in Recife.] In: Schönhammer, R., ed. Körper, Dinge und Bewegung. Der Gleichgewichtssinn in materieller Kultur und Ästhetik. [Body, things and movement. The sense of balances in material culture and aesthetic.] Facultas.wuv., Vienna, pp. 186–195. Brendle, K. 2008. Carnaval no Recife. Uma cidade temporal. [A temporary city] [Port.]. Cavalcanti- Brendle, M. de B, trans. Continente Multicultural No. 87. Brendle, K. 2004. Contextualism & rupture. Modernism in the post-war reconstruction of Lübeck. In: Galvão, A.B. Muñoz, A. H., Segawa, H., Baffi, Mirthes, D. & B. Marina, eds. The modern city facing the future. Proceedings of the VI th International DOCOMOMO Conference. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Universidade de Brasília. [Engl.] Brasília / DF, Brazil, pp. 207-214. Brendle, K. H. 2012. ¿Conservar uma feira livre? Or, preserving dynamic, complex heritage by accenting societal character and sociospatial conceptualization. In Zancheti, S. M. & K. Similä, eds. Measuring heritage conservation performance, pp. 42-52. Rome, ICCROM. 50
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Silvio Mendes Zancheti Katriina Sim
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6 th International Seminar on Urban
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Contents Foreword..................
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Monitoring of the state of conserva
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Page 26 and 27: Conserving and identifying heritage
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Page 64 and 65: How to register memory? Documentati
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Page 78 and 79: Assessing the cultural significance
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