Scania annual report 2003

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DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING METHODS Increasingly advanced testing methods The development of Scania’s new trucks was based on the 4-series, the Scania product that has generated the lowest customer operating costs of all time. Advanced new testing methods have helped make the R-series the best truck Scania has ever built. To carry out new vehicle projects successfully, Scania has greatly improved its testing methods and resources in recent years. It has made large investments in analysis, simulation and physical testing of fatigue strength, vehicle dynamics, acoustics and fuel efficiency. Many tests are conducted nowadays in simulation programmes, in less time and with greater precision than before. For example, in the field of fatigue strength testing, investments in testing resources have led to a 70 percent capacity increase. Complete vehicle configurations have been analysed and tested before final verification tests by customers have begun. Thousands of improvements During the testing of the R-series, new testing technology enabled Scania to identify and remedy a number of deviations before production began. These improvements will now benefit customers in the form of increased availability and lower fuel costs, as well as easier service and maintenance. Another benefit is a better environment for the driver, in the form of a new cab interior and new driver interface. Many of these improvements were made possible by the new platform for the truck’s electrical and electronic systems. In this area, new product development methods and extensive field testing have given customers greater value-added and made Scania’s production system more efficient. Testing in heat and cold Scania’s products are used by customers all over the world. This means that testing work must take into account the whole range of driving and climatic conditions trucks may face. Having studied how trucks are used and what stresses they face, Scania’s development engineers can avoid unpleasant surprises with the aid of analyses and testing. Climate testing and measurements of operating conditions play a key role in this work. Climate testing, which ranges from the extreme winter climate of Siberia to the heat and humidity of the tropics, covers the full array of conditions that the Scania “toolbox” must cope with, to ensure that the right truck is specified and sold to each customer. ANNUAL REPORT 2003 26
The same truck at +50 or -50 degrees C The temperature conditions that Scania customers work in may differ by as much as 100 degrees Celsius. But in principle, they use the same vehicles. Scania’s modular product range makes maximum customisation possible. In northern Africa and the Middle East, vehicles must be able to tolerate extreme heat, desert sand and dust. Matimex, one of Morocco’s leading construction haulage firms, uses Scania trucks exclusively in its gravel hauling work. Its trucks are equipped with a unique tipper body with high cargo capacity. In temperatures of up to 50 degrees C, trucks must meet high standards of dependability. A few thousand kilometres north, basically identical Scania vehicles ply the roads. But in the interior of Siberia, the challenge facing the Mostostroy-12 haulage firm is that its Scania trucks are exposed to extreme cold and bad roads resting on permafrost. The vehicles are driven for 20-day tours of duty, hauling gravel for the construction of new roads. One driver takes over from another, but for safety reasons, the engines of the vehicles are never shut off. At minus 50 degrees C, the reliability of a vehicle may make the difference between life and death. Then come 10 days of thawing and maintenance indoors, before it is time for the next 20-day tour of duty in the Arctic cold. All these vehicles – used under the most extreme conditions – were delivered to Scania’s customers specified entirely on the basis of the Scania modular “toolbox”. Fundamentally, they are the same truck, but with a number of modules replaced by others to fit local conditions. A vehicle’s systems and components must work together under the toughest conceivable conditions. A steady development process Development of Scania’s products occurs through standardised methods. A welldefined product development process gathers all the product ideas that originate in marketing and development departments. These ideas are evaluated and prioritised in light of Scania’s product strategy. Product development then occurs in project form, with clear objectives and end dates. One direct consequence of modularisation is that product improvements can be implemented in a steady flow, without major changes in the form of yearly models or the like. Standardised interfaces mean that new performance steps can be introduced without extensive changes in the composition of the vehicle. This, in turn, makes it possible to introduce new, improved components immediately, instead of waiting for major model changes. For the customer, every new Scania is a better Scania. A shaky operation Today Scania’s Strength Testing Laboratory in Södertälje has at its disposal three shake rigs, in which complete vehicles or portions of a vehicle can be shake-tested. The testing simulates the punishment that a vehicle is subjected to when driving on Scania’s test track. A test that takes about two years on the track can be completed on the rig in three months. Each shake rig consists of four hydraulic cylinders attached to the vehicle frame that apply vertical force, two cylinders that apply lateral force and one that applies longitudinal force. All the cylinders stand on a vibrationinsulated floor. The rigs can operate without manual surveillance and will automatically stop when any component breaks. When that happens, the component undergoes a fatigue strength analysis, whose results provide the basis for redesign. Each component or system must meet Scania’s internal quality standards before being approved for production. The laboratory also has a rig for testing truck frames that are equipped with axles and axle suspensions, in other words all weight-carrying components of a truck. The test rig consists of 20 hydraulic cylinders that simulate the loads on each wheel of a threeaxle vehicle in the vertical, lateral and longitudinal direction, but also simulate braking forces. In addition, the rig simulates the effect of the cab and engine on the frame while driving. 27 ANNUAL REPORT 2003
Page 1 and 2: ANNUAL REPORT 2003
Page 3 and 4: NOMINEE SHARES To be entitled to pa
Page 5 and 6: Deliveries by market area, 2003 THE
Page 7: Road safety conference in Brussels.
Page 10 and 11: STATEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT AND CEO
Page 12 and 13: THE WORK OF THE BOARD The Board and
Page 14 and 15: GOALS AND STRATEGIES Strategy for p
Page 16 and 17: EMPLOYEES Scania grows with its emp
Page 18 and 19: SCANIA’S ROLE IN SOCIETY Long-ter
Page 20 and 21: CUSTOMERS Customer demands shape ne
Page 22 and 23: CUTOMERS AND PRODUCTS Tailor-made v
Page 24 and 25: CUSTOMERS AND SERVICE Maximum uptim
Page 26 and 27: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The art of
Page 30 and 31: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TRUCK A truck
Page 32 and 33: PRODUCTION Investments for increase
Page 34 and 35: THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM The same work
Page 36 and 37: TRENDS AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS Ec
Page 38 and 39: EUROPE Strong sales in several mark
Page 40 and 41: Deliveries of Scania trucks in west
Page 42 and 43: OTHER MARKETS Record sales in sever
Page 44 and 45: REGISTRATIONS OF TRUCKS above 16 to
Page 46 and 47: ENVIRONMENTAL WORK Integrated envir
Page 48 and 49: ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMICS Scania’
Page 50 and 51: SCANIA SHARE DATA Continued low tra
Page 52 and 53: FINANCIAL REPORT Financial review R
Page 54 and 55: Interest rate risk Scania’s polic
Page 56 and 57: Consolidated balance sheet 31 Decem
Page 58 and 59: Parent Company financial statements
Page 60 and 61: value, the recoverable amount of th
Page 62 and 63: NOTE 1 Segment reporting BUSINESS S
Page 64 and 65: Note 4, continued Financial receiva
Page 66 and 67: NOTE 9 Tangible fixed assets Machin
Page 68 and 69: NOTE 17 Other provisions During 200
Page 70 and 71: NOTE 26 Wages, salaries and other r
Page 72 and 73: Note 28 continued The other members
Page 74 and 75: Note 33 continued Interest rate ref
Page 76 and 77: LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES Corporate ID n
Page 78 and 79:
Notes - Parent Company All amounts
Page 80:
Auditors’ report To the Annual Ge
Page 83 and 84:
Key financial ratios 1 and definiti
Page 85 and 86:
2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
Page 87 and 88:
Leif Östling Born 1945. Member sin
Page 89 and 90:
Corporate Units 7. Håkan Ericsson
Page 91 and 92:
Scania Romania S.R.L. Alfred Bussma
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Scania annual report 2003

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