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The Impact of Positive Attitude on Job Satisfaction Research Introduction The concept of “Positive Psychology” was talked of by Maslow (1954). According to him psychology should focus on developing positive qualities rather than repairing negative aspects of life. Lucas and Benson (1930) studied the effect of positive and negative impact of advertisement on sales; results showed that positive appeals were not as effective as negative appeals. Whereas, Isen (2003) has shown positive results of positive emotional states on problem solving and decision making. This proactive approach to organizational research is called “Positive Organizational Psychology”, concepts such as growth, optimism, contentment, humility, kindness and many more. Fredrickson (2001) considered these positive feelings as fundamental human strength. Out of these concepts, the effect of optimism on workplace outcomes has been found to be very positive. Number of researches has shown that optimism leads to higher productivity and lower turnover. According to Harter et al (2002): Rose et al (2006) optimism leads to a sense of ownership which works like upward spiral and leads to an increased sense of achieving the organizational goals thus increases productivity. Moreover, the effect of positive workplace relation is known to lessen the adverse effects of stress on productivity (Mc Mansen et al, 2004; Salovey et al 2000). Lavoie (2004) and Cummings (2004) identified colleagues” support as the most important factor in preventing burnout and maintaining organizational productivity. Extensive review of literature reveals that effect of optimism on work related attitudes such as job satisfaction has been very positive. Job satisfaction has been defined by Srivaster (2004) as “an appraisal of perceived job characteristics and emotional experience at work.” People evaluate their life experiences as either positive or negative on the basis of their experiences and observations. PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010 330
Research The Impact of Positive Attitude on Job Satisfaction Moreover, Hosie et al(2005) regarded cognition and emotion as an integral component of job satisfaction ie; how do we view our job and how do we feel about it. Optimism is not just an attitude rather it is also a societal value and optimism is desirable in all communities, Seligman’s (1991) study is in line with this idea. He applied his CAVE technique (Content Analysis of verbatim explanation) for analyzing speeches of candidates for US presidential elections from 1900 to 1984, which covers 22 elections. Out of 22 elections Americans chose those candidates 18 times, whose speeches were rich with optimistic visions. Optimism has been viewed as a forerunner of other psychological resource capacities. Stein and Book (2001) view optimistic approach as essential for enhancing resiliency, the capacity to bounce back in the face of adversity. Why do optimists experience life’s inevitable downturns so differently from the way pessimists do? Both over the long haul probably encounter the same number of defeats. The answer to this question lies in the self talk of the optimists about themselves. Luthans et al (2008) attempted to study the effect of positive mood in health care services. Among other variables studied were optimism and its relation with job performance. The sample included 78 nurses from healthcare services. The participants’ state of optimism was measured through self report method and performance outcomes were measured through supervisory performance appraisal. They calculated Spearman correlation and one-way ANOVA to analyze the data. Results were indicative of positive relationship between measured state of optimism and supervisory performance appraisal. In another study, Seligman (1998) concluded that optimistic life insurance agents sold 37% more during the initial two years than their less optimistic counterparts. Moreover it was also discovered that optimism leads to higher productivity and lower turnover in the workplace, a positive relationship between optimism and workplace outcomes was identified. 331 PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010
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